Week 1 Flashcards by Kendra Lichty

Define Microbiology.

the scientific discipline dealing with the study of microscopic organisms

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What fields use microbiology?

medical
public health
industrial
agricultural
environmental

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What are micro-organisms?

microscopic organisms; usually single celled (bacteria, fungi, protozoa); some multi-cellular organisms (ex helminths, nematodes, arthropods); acellular, (prions, viruses)

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What are some types of acellular organisms?

prions, viruses

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What are some types of multicellular organisms?

helminths, nematodes, arthropods

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What are some single cellular organisms?

bacteria, fungi, protozoa

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Define Pathogen.

a microbe that normally causes disease

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Define Non Pathogen

a microbe that does not normally cause disease

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Define pestilence

fatal epidemic

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Earliest recorded pestilence was in…

3180 BC Egypt

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Middle ages plague

bubonic plague or black plague

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1917-1918 Spanish flu killed _____ deaths world wide

30-40 million

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Small pox killed ____ people

300 million

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Who is the father of micro biology

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek 1670’s

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What did leeuwenhoek do?

He improved this microscope using squeres of clear class to increase the magnifications; making it so you could see microbes

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What is Jenner known for?

created smallpox vaccine in 1790’s

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What did Ignaz Semmelweis 1840’s advocate for?

hand washing with calcium hypo chloride for physicians

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What did John Snow do?

‘father of epidemiology’

-found the well was the origin of cholera

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When was the golden age for microbiology?

1857-1917

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What was Joseph Lister (1860’s) known for?

‘father of antiseptic surgery’

- used carbolic acid to treat wounds

What was Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) known for?

alcohol fermentation
germ theory of disease
pasteurization
several vaccines (rabies)

Rober Koch (1843-1910) was known for what?

proved germ theory of disease (Koch’s postulates)
culture techniques
causes of cholera and TB

What are Koch’s Postulates

Koch Postulates

Same micro organism present in every case of disease
Micro-organism is isolated from tissue of dead (diseased) animal, and a pure culture is prepared (can be cultured indefinitely)
M.O. from pure culture, when inoculated into healthy animals reproduces the disease
The same MO can be isolated and cultured from the inoculated animal

Who is Ali Maow Maalin?

last case of smallpox

What are some examples of emerging diseases?

``` Lassa fever –1969 Marburg disease – 1975 Ebola fever – 1975 (2014) Legionnaires’ disease – 1976 Toxic shock syndrome –1980 (tampons) AIDS –1981 Lyme disease –1982 E. coli O157:H7 (HUS) – 1982 Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome – 1993 Variant Creutzfeld-Jakob disease – 1996 West Nile encephalitis – 1999 SARS – 2003 H5N1 “Avian” flu – (1997) 2005 H1N1 “Swine flu” - 2009 ```

Which diseases are reemerging?

``` Tunerculosis Influenza Malaria Cholera Viral Hepatitis C. Difficile ```

What are the top 10 infectious killers?

1. Acute Lower respiratory infections 2. Diarrheal Diseases 3. Aids 4. Tuberculosis 5. Malaria 6. Hepatitis B 7. Pertussis 8. Tetanus 9. Meningitis 10. Measles

How many deaths world wide per year are from preventable infectious diseases?

20 million deaths worldwide

How many deaths per years are from Acute lower respiratory infections?

3.5 million deaths per years

How many deaths per year are from diarrheal diseases?

3.1 million deaths per year

How many deaths per year from AIDS?

1.8 million deaths per year from aids

How many deaths per year are from Tuberculosis?

1.3 millions deaths per year from tuberculosis

How many deaths per year from malaria?

0.66 million deaths per year from malaria

How many deaths per year from Hepatitis B?

0.6 million deaths per year from hepatitus B

How many deaths per year from Pertussis?

300 000 deaths per year from whooping cough

How many deaths per year from Tetanus?

210 000 deaths per year from "lockjaw" or tetanus

How many deaths per year from Meningitis?

170 000 deaths per year from meningitis

How many deaths per year from measles?

160 000 deaths per year from meningitis

Where are diarrheal diseases on the top 10 infectious killers list?

2nd with 3.1 million deaths per year

Where are Tuberculosis on the top 10 infectious killers list?

4th with 1.3 million deaths per year

Where are acute lower respiratory infections on the top 10 infectious killers list?

1st with 3.5 million deaths per year

Where are AIDS on the top 10 infectious killers list?

3rd with 1.8 million deaths per year

Where are malaria on the top 10 infectious killers list?

5th with 0.66 million deaths per year

How many world wide cases of H1N1?

210 000

How many world wide deaths from H1N1?

2185

How many deaths in Canada from H1N1?

72 deaths (23 of which were in ON)

Reasons for surges in "new diseases"?

- not really new just increased occurrence and wider distribution - International travel - Increasing population - Breakdown of public health measures - microbial adaptation (resistance)

What are some good things about microbes?

- used for making insulin, vaccines, antibiotics - for bread, beer, wine and cheese - used to clean up oil spills

What is Bioremediation?

use of microbes to clean up an oil spill