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human body > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

Anatomy =

A

structure

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2
Q

Physiology =

A

function

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3
Q

molecules

A

atoms formed together

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4
Q

Organelle

A

Molecules formed together

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5
Q

Cell

A

Organelles formed together

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6
Q

Tissue

A

Same type of cell formed together

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7
Q

Organ

A

Made up of tissue

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8
Q

System

A

Made up of organs working together

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9
Q

homeostasis

A

Maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions despite exterior environment.

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10
Q

Negative feedback system

A

reverses response; if body temp drops to 36 degrees, body shivers then REVERSES back to 37 degrees.

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11
Q

Positive feedback system

A

enhances the original stimulus; blood vessel cut on the thumb, cells come to the area to form a plug to stop bleeding.

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12
Q

pharmacology

A

study of medicine, how we use it and the effect on the body.

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13
Q

drug

A

medicine that has physiology impact on tissue cells

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14
Q

therapeutic effect

A

desirable and beneficial outcome, consequence of medicine

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15
Q

drug allergy

A

stimulates immune system

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16
Q

drug interaction

A

take more than one drug that may interfere with another and worsen the condition

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17
Q

drug abuse

A

continually consuming drugs

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18
Q

drug dependence

A

constantly needing drug to function

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19
Q

dose of drug

A

achieves desired effect without harm

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20
Q

bioavailability

A

drug goes into blood and becomes available to all tissue cells

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21
Q

tolerance

A

decreases response of dose of drug

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22
Q

antagonist

A

drug that blocks receptor to activate

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23
Q

Agonist

A

drug that initiates receptor to activate

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24
Q

how drugs work

A

drug molecule must inflict on the cell to produce a pharmacological response, either mimic or block.

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25
mimic
mimic chemicals that are already in body eg, contraceptive pill
26
block
block drug chemical reaction
27
sublingual
under tongue, rapid absorption to bloodstream
28
rectal
when drug tastes horrible
29
intramuscular injection
can administer large amount of drug, fast absorption
30
IV drip
directly into blood
31
oral
swallow tablet/liquid
32
inhalation
if someone has asthma, like taking a puffer
33
therapeutic effect
desired effect of a medical treatment, only give dose of drugs between therapeutic range
34
pharmacokinetics
what body does to the drugs
35
ADME
absorption through small intestine, distribution throughout body, metabolised, excreted.
36
Factors affecting ADME
solubility of drug, surface are (more = quicker absorption), size of drug, blood flow
37
histology
study of tissues
38
first pass effect
concentration of drug is reduced if it goes through liver, so if drug is necessary in strong doses, oral consumption should be avoided. Liver can not metabolise drug if taken through IV, interskeletal or rectal.
39
drug dose determined by....
age, weight, height, gender, other medications
40
superior
toward head or upper body
41
inferior
toward lower part of body
42
anterior
facing front
43
posterior
facing backward
44
medial
closer to the centre of the body
45
lateral
away from the centre of the body
46
intermediate
between medial and lateral
47
proximal
closer to the point of attachment to trunk of body
48
distal
further from the point of attachment to trunk of body
49
superficial
toward or at the body surface (close to skin)
50
deep
away from body surface, internal.
51
orbital
eye
52
buccal
mouth
53
axillary
armpit
54
umbillical
navel
55
cubital
anterior surface of elbow
56
fermoral
thigh
57
pubic
genital region
58
cervical
neck region
59
thoracic
chest
60
brachial
arm
61
abdominal
anterior body trunk
62
groin
where thigh meets body trunk
63
flank
lateral surface of body from rib cage to the hip
64
scapular
shoulder blade area
65
lumbar
area of back between ribs and hips
66
calf
posterior surface of lower leg
67
deltoid
curve of shoulder formed by large deltoid muscle
68
gluteal
buttocks or rump
69
popliteal
knee region
70
occipital
posterior surface of head
71
frontal plane
divides the body into anterior and posterior
72
sagittal plane
divides the body into left and right
73
trasnverse plane
divides body into superior and inferior
74
dorsal body cavity
includes cranial and spinal cavity
75
ventral body cavity
includes thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavity
76
cranial
brain
77
vertebral
spinal cord
78
abdominal
pancreas, spleen
79
pelvic
bladder, rectum, reproductive organs
80
digestive system
digests food through mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine. gets excreted through pooooo
81
cardiovascular system
transports nutrients, blood cells, fluids, dissolved gases and wastes around the body.
82
respiratory system
functions in external respiration to absorb oxygen. Regulation of body's acid-base balance.
83
Skeletal system
Frames body, supports it. Provides attachment and lever systems for muscles and acts in locomotion.
84
muscular system
functions are based on 3 different cells; skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle.
85
excretory system
by way of kidney function, rids body of waste and maintains water balance.
86
nervous system
nerves are special cells adapted for transmitting electro/chemical messages.
87
Endocrine system
produces hormones in various glands of internal secretion and works with other systems.
88
Lymphatic system
sub-system of cardiovascular, collect and return intestinal fluid. maintain body fluid balance.
89
reproductive system
perpetuates species via production of eggs in females and sperm in males.

human body (4 decks)

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