Week 1

Question 1

What are the bones of the shoulder region?

Answer 1

Clavicle, Scapula and Humerus

Question 2

What is the primary function of the shoulder complex?

Answer 2

To hold the upper extremity in place.

Question 3

What is the scapula plane?

Answer 3

30-45 digress from the frontal plane.

Question 4

What are the 3 joints of the shoulder region?

Answer 4

1. Sternoclavicular
2. Acromioclavicular
3. Glenohumeral

Question 5

What is the structural classification of the Sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 5

Synovial Saddle, Biaxial Diarthrosis

Question 6

What are the 5 passive structures that stabilise the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 6

1. anterior sternoclavicular
2. posterior sternoclavicular
3. interclavicular
4. intra-articular disc
5. costoclavicular

Question 7

What movement does the anterior sternoclavicular ligament resist?

Answer 7

anterior glide and retraction of the medial clavicle

Question 8

What movement does the posterior sternoclavicular ligament resist?

Answer 8

posterior glide and protraction

Question 9

What movement does the interclavicular ligament resist?

Answer 9

superior glide and lateral displacement

Question 10

What movement does the intra-articular disc restrict?

Answer 10

medial displacement

Question 11

What movement does the costoclavicular ligament restrict?

Answer 11

everything except inferior displacement

Question 12

What is the function of the intra-articular disc?

Answer 12

It increases stability and thus makes an even distribution of forces

Question 13

What is the function of the conoid ligament?

Answer 13

Links the coracoid process to the conoid tubercle and thus allows for scapular upwards rotation with minimal movement required at the SC and AC joints

Question 14

What is the structural classification of the Acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 14

Synovial plane joint

Question 15

What are the 5 passive structures that stabilise the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 15

1. superior acromioclavicular
2. inferior acromioclavicular
3. trapezoid
4. conoid
5. coracoacromial

Question 16

What does the superior acromioclaviciular ligament restrict?

Answer 16

all glides

Question 17

what does the inferior acromioclavicular ligament restrict?

Answer 17

all glides

Question 18

what does the trapezoid ligament restrict?

Answer 18

medial movement of the scapula

Question 19

what does the conoid ligament restrict?

Answer 19

upwards movement of the clavicle

Question 20

what does the coracoacromial ligament restrict?

Answer 20

resists the superior movement of the HOH

Question 21

Where is the clavicle most commonly fractured and how?

Answer 21

direct fall onto shoulder and the middle 1/3

Question 22

What is the glenohumeral joint heavily reliant on?

Answer 22

non-bony structures

1. labrum
2. capsule-ligaments
3. muscles

Question 23

what is the function of the glenoid labrum?

Answer 23

increase the depth of the glenoid fossa and therefore the articular cortex

Question 24

What is a dermatome?

Answer 24

A dermatome is an area of skin innervated by a singe spinal cord segment

Question 25

What is a myotome?

Answer 25

a myotome is a collection of muscle fibres innervated by the motor neurone from a single spinal cord segment.

Question 26

What is the embryological basis/ original difference between dermatomes and myotomes?

Answer 26

Dermatomes - groups of neural crest cells send a central psorcess into the dorsal neural tube and a peripheral process to the adjacent somite

Myotomes - cell bodies in the ventral neural tube send axons to the adjacent somite.