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ANAT1019 SEM1 > Week 3 > Flashcards

Week 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an apophysis?

A

An apophysis is also a secondary ossification centre thought it does not contribute to an increase in length of the bone.

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2
Q

Define Valgus?

A

Valgus is the lateral deviation of a distal segment relative to the proximal segment.

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3
Q

Define Varus?

A

Varus is the medial deviation of a distal segment relative to the proximal segment.

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4
Q

What is the attachment for brachialis?

A

Ulnar tuberosity

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5
Q

What attaches to the redial tuberosity?

A

biceps brachii

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6
Q

What are the 3 separate articulations within the elbow joint capsule?

A
  1. humeroulnar joint
  2. radiohumeral joint
  3. proximal radioulnar joint
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7
Q

When is the elbow joint capsule at most ‘lax’?

A

80 degress

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8
Q

What is the articulation in the humeroulnar joint?

A

The trochlea of the humerus and the trochlea notch of the ulnar

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9
Q

What is the structural classification of the humeroulnar joint?

A

Synovial hinge joint

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10
Q

What movements does the humeroulnar joint do?

A

flexion and extension

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11
Q

What is the articulation at the radiohumeral joint?

A

Capitulum of the humerus and the head of the radius articulate.

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12
Q

What is the structural classification of the radiohumeral joint?

A

synovial hinge joint

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13
Q

What movements does the radiohumeral joint do?

A

Flexion and extension

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14
Q

What is the articulation the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Radial notch of the ulnar and the head of the radius articulate.

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15
Q

What is the structural classification of the proximal radioulnar joint?

A

Synovial pivot joint

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16
Q

What movements doe she proximal radioulnar joint do?

A

Supination and pronation

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17
Q

What are the 7 structures of the elbow joint complex?

A
  1. articular capsule
  2. radial collateral ligament (RCL)
  3. Lateral Ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL)
    4, Medial collateral ligament
  4. annular ligament
  5. oblique cord
  6. interosseous membrane
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18
Q

What does the articular capsule restrict?

A

Valgus in EXT

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19
Q

What does the radial collateral ligament restrict?

A

Varus

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20
Q

What does the lateral ulnar collateral ligament restrict?

A

Varus

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21
Q

What does the medial collateral ligament restrict?

A

valgus in EXT

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22
Q

What does the annular ligament restrict?

A

Lateral and distal sublimation of the radial head

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23
Q

What does the oblique cord restrict?

A

End range supination

24
Q

What does the interosseous membrane restrict?

A

Separation of the radius and ulna

25
Q

What is a ‘close packed’ position of the humeroulnar joint?

A

In extension

26
Q

What is the ‘loose packed’ position of the humeroulnar joint?

A

at 80 degrees

27
Q

how does a ‘loose packed’ position benefit during injury?

A

Allows space for swelling and fluids

28
Q

when is the interosseous membrane in full lax?

A

pronation

29
Q

when is the greatest load transmission in the interosseous membrane?

A

in neutral 60 degrees supination

30
Q

What are the 5 roles of the interosseous membrane?

A
  1. attachment site for muscles
  2. hing for forearm rotation
  3. limits separation and rotation of the radius and ulna
  4. stabilises proximal and distal radioulnar joints
  5. distributes load from radius to the ulna in the proximal forearm
31
Q

What is the innervation of biceps brachii?

A

Mucsulocutaneous C5, 6

32
Q

what is the innervation of brachialis?

A

Musculocutaneous C5, 6

33
Q

What is the innervation of triceps brachii?

A

Radial nerve C6, 7, 8

34
Q

What is the innervation of pronator teres?

A

Median nerve C6, 7

35
Q

What is the innervation of flexor carpi radialis?

A

Median nerve C6,7

36
Q

what is the innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Ulnar nerve C7, 8

37
Q

What is the innervation of brachioradialis?

A

Radial nerve C5,6

38
Q

What is the innervation of extensor carpi radialis longs?

A

Radial nerve C6, 7,

39
Q

What is the innervation of extensor carpi radialis brevis?

A

deeps radial C7,8

40
Q

What is the innervation of extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Deep radial C7,8

41
Q

what is the innervation of all posterolateral muscles that have actions on the hand?

A

Deeps radial C7, 8

42
Q

What are the 2 functions of the spinal cord?

A
  1. conduit function - ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) pathways
  2. intrinsic functions - processing of reflexes and patterns
43
Q

What is the lumbar cistern?

A

it is located in the subarachnoid space of the vertebral column, between the end of the spinal cord and the end of the arachnoid-dural membrane

44
Q

What is the location of C1-7 spinal nerves?

A

Spinal nerve C1-7 pass above the corresponding pedicle

45
Q

What is the location of C8 and below spinal nerves?

A

Pass below the corresponding pedicle

46
Q

what fasciculus/s does below T6 have?

A

Below T6 has only 1 column which is fascicles gracilis

47
Q

What fasciculus/s does above T6 have?

A

Above T6 has 2 columns, fasiculus gracilis and cuteatus

48
Q

Features of a cervical spine cross section?

A
  • has 2 columns
  • has enlargements
  • is oval shaped
49
Q

Features of a thoracic spine cross section?

A
  • only has gracilis

- not much grey matter

50
Q

Features of a lumbar spine cross section?

A
  • only has gracilis

- has enlargements

51
Q

Features of a sacral spine cross section?

A
  • weird shaped
52
Q

Vascular supply of spine

A

a posterior spinal artery branches off each posterior inferior cerebellar artery and each one joins and descends in the anterior medial fissure at 1 large anterior spinal artery

53
Q

what are the 2 functions of the brainstem?

A
  1. conduit function - ascending (sesory) and descending (motor)
  2. intrinsic functions - contains nuclei of cranial nerves iii to XII
54
Q

What are the 3 longitudinal laminae of the Brainstem?

A
  1. tectum
  2. tegmentum
  3. base
55
Q

What does the tectum consist of?

A

the tectum consists of the superior and inferior colliculi in the midbrain and superior and inferior medullary vela
- virtually no tectum in the pons and medulla

56
Q

What does the tegmentum consist of?

A

the tegmentum consists ofascedning sensory projection fibres; descending motor projection fibres, cranial nerves and reticular formation neurons

57
Q

What does the Base consist of?

A

The base consists of descending motor projection fibres and the base is the smallest in the medulla

ANAT1019 SEM1 (6 decks)

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