Week 1: Antihypertensive medication

Question 1

Angiotensin II receptor blockers

Answer 1

Block the binding of the angiotensin II to type I angiotensin receptors.

• mediate effects of vascular smooth muscle and adrenal gland to prevent vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion

Question 2

Thiazide diuretic

Answer 2

acts primary on distal convoluted tubule by inhibiting the resorption of sodium, potassium, and chloride leading to osmotic water loss.

• causes direct relaxation of arterioles which reduces peripheral vascular resistance to reduce BP

Question 3

Alpha 1 adrenergic receptor blockers

Answer 3

block the alpha 1 adrenergic receptors of the SNS to prevent circulating norepi from attaching to receptors to prevent the stimulation of increased in BP

Question 4

Calcium channel blockers

Answer 4

block the binding of calcium to receptor sites leading to smooth muscle relaxation and dilation

Question 5

beta adrenergic receptor blockers

Answer 5

reduce heart rate by B1 receptor blockade and reduce renin secretions to lower BP

also reduces peripheral vascular resistance with long term use

Question 6

ACE inhibitors

Answer 6

inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme to prevent angiotensin I from converting to angiotensin II leading to SVR reduction to lower BP

Question 7

What is angiotensin II?

Answer 7

angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor that induces aldosterone secretions in the adrenal glands, increasing blood pressure.

Question 8

Name the classificatoin to each drug/drugs

Candesartan/Atacand
Losartan/Cozaar

Answer 8

angiotensin II receptor blockers

Question 9

Name the classificatoin to each drug/drugs

Hydrochlorthiazide

Answer 9

thiazide diuretic

Question 10

Name the classificatoin to each drug/drugs

Prazosin (minipress)
Terazosin (hytrin)

Answer 10

alpha 1 adrenergic receptor blockers

Question 11

Name the classificatoin to each drug/drugs

Dihydropyridines:
amlodipine/norvasc
nifedipine/adalat
nondihydropyridines:
diltiazem/cardizem

Answer 11

calcium channel blockers

Question 12

Name the classificatoin to each drug/drugs

metoprolol/lopressor
atenolol/tenorim

Answer 12

beta adrenergic receptor blockers or beta blockers

Question 13

Name the classificatoin to each drug/drugs

ramipril (altace)
captopril (capoten)

Answer 13

ACE inhibitors

Question 14

High blood pressure associated with disease such as renal, pulmonary, endocrine and vascular disease is known as which hypertension?

Answer 14

secondary

Question 15

elevated systemic arterial pressure for which no cause can be found is known as

Answer 15

primar hypertension

Question 16

a common adverse effect for adrenergic drugs that involve a sudden drop in blood pressure when patients change position is known as

Answer 16

orthostatic hypertension

Question 17

drugs that are used in the management of hypertensive emergencies

Answer 17

vasodilators

Question 18

primary effect of these drugs is to decrease plasma and extracellular fluid

Answer 18

diuretic

Question 19

antiplatelet drugs

Answer 19

anti platelet drugs stop the formation of clots or prevent stabilize a thrombus

Question 20

Antifibrinolytic drugs

Answer 20

Antifibrinolytic drugs interfere with the body’s ability to break down existing clots and can be used to manage conditions where bleeding would be harmful.

Question 21

Thrombolytic drugs

Answer 21

Thrombolytic drugs break down existing clots. They enhance the body’s fibrinolytic processes.