Week 4: ECG's and Dysrhythmia's

Question 1

The SA node travels from the right atria to the left atria by this.

Answer 1

The left atria contracts when the impulse from the SA node travels to the Bachmann’s bundle.

Question 2

What is automaticity?

Answer 2

Automaticity is the heart’s ability to initiate an impulse spontaneously and continuously.

Question 3

What is contractility?

Answer 3

Contractility is the hearts ability to respond mechnically to an impulse.

Question 4

What is conductivity?

Answer 4

Conductivity is the hearts ability to transmit an impulse along a membrane in an orderly manner.

Question 5

What is excitability?

Answer 5

Excitability is the hearts ability to be electrically stimulated.

Question 6

What happens during the P wave?

Answer 6

Atria depolarize and contract

Question 7

What happens during the QRS wave?

Answer 7

The ventricles depolarize

Question 8

What happens during the T wave?

Answer 8

the ventricles repolarize.

Question 9

What is the autonomic nervous system’s role in impulse formation?

Answer 9

The ANS controls:

1) The rate of impulse formation.
2) The speed of impulse conduction.
3) The strength of myocardial contraction.

Question 10

The intracellular region of the heart has a high concentration of this electrolyte.

Answer 10

Potassium ions K+

Question 11

The interstitial area of the heart has a high concentration these ions.

Answer 11

Sodium ions Na+

Question 12

What change occurs to cause the heart to depolarize?

Think ions.

Answer 12

A flood of sodium ions into the cardiac tissue

Question 13

Even though potassium is a positive ion, at normal resting outage intraceulllary in cardiac tissue, the ions holds what charge?

Answer 13

negative

Question 14

What ionic changes occur that stimulate the heart to depolarize?

Answer 14

The heart depolarizes when a flood of sodium ions flow across the cardiac cell’s membrane, making it more positive, causing depolarization of the heart.

Question 15

ECG’s are normally performed with how many leads?

Answer 15

ECG’s are normally performed with 12 leads, although 6 and 3-lead ECG’s are sometimes performed.

Question 16

What is a monitor oscilloscope?

Answer 16

A monitor oscilloscope is a device that converts ECG voltage measurements to the visual representation of rhythm strips.

Question 17

What is telemetry monitoring?

Answer 17

Telemetry monitoring is the monitoring of a client’s heartrate and rhythm to determine problems such as dysrhythmias, ischemia, or infarction.

Question 18

What is normal sing rhythm?

Answer 18

Normal sinus rhythm refers to a rhythm that originates in the SA node and follows the normal conduction pattern of the cardiac cycle.

Question 19

When regulated from the SA node, the heart’s automatic rate is how many beats per minute?

Answer 19

60-100bpm

Question 20

If the SA node becomes damaged, the spontaneous firing will default to the AV node, which fires at how many beats per minute?

Answer 20

40-60 beats per minute

Question 21

If the AV node becomes compromised, the rate drops further, the purkinje fibres fire at a rate of how many beats per minute?

Answer 21

20-40 beats per minute

Question 22

What is ectopic impulse?

Answer 22

Ectopic impulse is when a dysrhythmia occurs from a source outside of the normal cardiac conductive system.

Question 23

What is absolute refractory period?

Answer 23

Absolute refractory period is a period where it is virtually impossible for an action potential to be stimulated regardless of the trigger.

Question 24

What is relative refractory period?

Answer 24

During the relative refractory period, a stronger than normal stimulus is needed to elicit neuronal excitation. After the absolute refractory period, Na+ channels begin to recover from inactivation and if strong enough stimuli are given to the neuron, it may respond again by generating action potentials

Question 25

Why is sinus bradycardia?

Answer 25

Sinus bradycardia occurs when the SA node fires at a rate less than 60 beats per minutes, and is also referred to as absolute bradycardia.

Question 26

How does sinus bradycardia appear on an ECG?

Answer 26

Sinus bradycardia does not present itself in an unusual way on the ECG. The only difference is that the heart beats slower.

Question 27

What are some signs and symptoms of sinus bradycardia?

Answer 27

``` Sinus bradycardia S&S include: pale, cool skin hypotension angina dizziness confusion SOB ```

Question 28

What classification of drug is used to treat sinus bradycardia?

Answer 28

Anticholinergic medications are used to treat sinus bradycardia, such as atropine.

Question 29

This neurotransmitter produced in the parasympathetic nervous system slows down the heart.

Answer 29

ACE acetycholine

Question 30

What is sinus tachycardia?

Answer 30

Sinus tachycardia is a heart rate over 100 beats per minute.

Question 31

What are some signs and symptoms of tachycardia?

Answer 31

dizziness dyspnea hypotension angine d/t increased oxygen demands

Question 32

What are the ECG values according to a graph?

Answer 32

Big square is 0.2 secs | Small square is 0.04 secs

Question 33

anterior infarction

Answer 33

left anterior descending artery

Question 34

inferior infarction

Answer 34

right coronary artery

Question 35

lateral infarction

Answer 35

left circumflex artery

Question 36

posterior infarction

Answer 36

RCA and/or OCX artery

Question 37

normal Pr interval

Answer 37

012-.20 sec

Question 38

normal QRS complex

Answer 38

<0.10 sec

Question 39

peaked T-waves are caused by this

Answer 39

hyperkalemia

Question 40

this is the most effective method of terminating ventricular fibrillation

Answer 40

defibrillation

Question 41

amiodarone is what classification of drug? what is the action of amiodarone?

Answer 41

amiodarone is an anti rhythmatic it surprises dysrhythmias

Question 42

classification of digoxin

Answer 42

antiarrhythmics, inotropics

Question 43

action of digoxin

Answer 43

Increases the force of myocardial contraction. Prolongs refractory period of the AV node. Decreases conduction through the SA and AV nodes. Therapeutic Effects: Increased cardiac output (positive inotropic effect) and slowing of the heart rate (negative chronotropic effect).

Question 44

What is cardiomyopathy?

Answer 44

Cardiomyopathy refers to diseases of the heart muscle. These diseases have many causes, signs and symptoms, and treatments. In cardiomyopathy, the heart muscle becomes enlarged, thick, or rigid. In rare cases, the muscle tissue in the heart is replaced with scar tissueIncreased cardiac output (positive inotropic effect) and slowing of the heart rate (negative chronotropic effect).

Question 45

This vitamin/mineral controls the force of the contraction of the heart.

Answer 45

calcium

Question 46

What is the indication of digoxin?

Answer 46

Digoxin is used in patients who suffer from atrial fibrillation or heart failure.