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ADN005 Pediatrics > Week 1 Chapter 26 > Flashcards

Week 1 Chapter 26 Flashcards

1
Q

Physical growth of toddler

A

Weight increases in spurts ( slower than infants)

Avg Weight gain is 3-5 lbs per year

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2
Q

Length and height increases …

A

Steadily in spurts( slower than infants)

Avg increase is 3in per year

About half adult height by age 2

Head size more proportional to body by age 3

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3
Q

Anterior Fontanel closes at

A

18 months

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4
Q

Brain is 90% adult size by age

A

2

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5
Q

Increase in myelination does what?

A

Improved coordination, balance, and sphincter control

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6
Q

Respiratory system physiological change in toddlers

A

Alveoli increase
Trachea and airway still small
Tonsils and adenoids are relatively large

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7
Q

CV system in toddlers

A

HR decreases
BP increases

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8
Q

GI physiological changes Toddlers

A

Stomach increases in size
Small Intestine grows in length
Less Frequent stools- Color varies on diet
Bowel control typically achieved by end of toddler period

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9
Q

GU Physiological changes in Toddlers

A

Bladder and Kidney reach adult function by 16 to 24 months
Bladder capacity increases
Urethra remains relatively short

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10
Q

Musculoskeletal System Physiological Changes in Toddlers

A

Muscles Maturing
Swayback and potbelly until 3 years old

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11
Q

Sensory Development

A

Hearing intact since birth
Visual Acuity improves
May prefer certain smells and textures
Explore environment with all 5 senses

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12
Q

Erikson Developmental theory for Toddlers Stage

A

Autonomy vs Shame/ Doubt

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13
Q

Piaget Developmental theory for Toddlers Stage

A

Sensorimotor 0-2
Preoperational 2-7

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14
Q

Toddlers begin to explore their world, they learn they can control heir actions and act on environment to get results. Begin to show preferences of certain things ( clothes,food, etc)

A

Erikson autonomy vs Shame

If denied may lead to poor self esteem and doubt of abilities.

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15
Q

Children use new ability to represent objects in wide variety of activities, but they do not do it an organized way.

A

Piaget theory

Ex: Make believe play.

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16
Q

Seeing oneself as separate from parent

A

Separation

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17
Q

Individuation

A

Forming sense of self
Learning to control one’s environment
Leads to emotional lability

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18
Q

Focus on Self

A

Egocentrism

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19
Q

Toddlers may fear

A

Strangers
Loss of parents- Separation anxiety may reoccur

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20
Q

Typical Toddler Behaviors

A

Gender differences awareness
Unclear body boundaries
Aggressive Behaviors

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21
Q

Gross Motor Skills of Toddler

A

Initial walking with toddler gait
Pushing or pulling toy

Later includes:
Running
Climbing
Jumping
Throwing
Pedaling

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22
Q

Fine Motor Skills Toddler

A

Progresses from holding and pinching
Manages utensils
Holds crayons
Strings a bead
Works a puzzle
Uses a touch Screen

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23
Q

At 15 months Toddler can

A

Walk alone
Crawls up stairs
Builds 2 block tower
Throws objects
Grasp Spoons
Names commonplace objects

24
Q

18 months toddlers can

A

Anterior Fontanel closes
Walks backwards
Climbs stairs
Scribbles
# block tower
Vocab 10 or more words
Great at mimicry

25
Q

At 24 month toddlers can

A

Early efforts at jumping
6-7 block tower
Turns book pages one at a time
300 word vocab
obeys easy commands
Parallel play

26
Q

At 30 months toddlers can

A

Walks on tiptoes
Jumps with both feet
Builds 8 block tower
Stands on one foot
Has Sphincter control for toilet training

27
Q

Age appropriate toys for toddlers

A

Push- pull toys
Low rocking horses
Dolls
Stuffed animals

28
Q

Ability to understand what is being said

A

Receptive

29
Q

Ability to communicate ones desires

A

Expressive

30
Q

Contains only essential words to get the point across

A

Telegraphic

31
Q

Repetition of words and phrases without understanding

A

Echolalia

32
Q

Receptive language is far more advanced in early toddlerhood than expressive

A

True

33
Q

Major socializing medium at this age is

A

Play

34
Q

Toddlers are egocentric and they

A

DO NOT like to share

35
Q

Toddlers participate in what play

A

Parallel Play

Toddlers have short attention span and changes toys frequently

36
Q

How much physical activity daily needed ?

A

30 min structured

1-3 hours unstructured

Limit Tv
Encourage creative and physical play
Toys that engage in multiple senses

37
Q

Toddlers do not sleep throughout night

A

False

Also needs one daytime nap

38
Q

18 month hold needs how much sleep?

A

13.5 hours

39
Q

24 month hold needs how much sleep?

A

13 hours

40
Q

3 year old needs how much sleep?

A

12 hours of sleep per day

Consistent bedtime rituals help child prepare for sleep

May discontinue napping at 3 years old

41
Q

Promoting Safety with Toddlers

A

Increased mobility requires increased vigilance
Provide childproof environment
Use safe car seat in the back
Provide a safe home environment

  • Avoid tobacco smoke exposure
  • Water safety
  • Prevent Injury
  • Prevent Posioning
42
Q

Foods good for dietary fiber

A

Applesauce, carrots, corn, green beans, mangos, pears

43
Q

Food good for folate:

A

Avocados, broccoli, green peas, oranges, spinach, dark greens, and strawberries

44
Q

Food high in Vitamin A

A

Apricots, cantaloupe, mangos, spinach and dark leafy, sweet potatoes, carrots

45
Q

Foods high in Vitamin C

A

Broccoli, cantaloupe, green peas, oranges, potatoes, strawberries, tomatoes

46
Q

Toddler Safety During Mealtime

A

Child Sized spoon and fork dull
Approximate food, size, portion, and texture
Seat in high chair and include in family meal times. Praise self feeding.
Never leave unattended
Minimize distractions

47
Q

Food Jags

A

Toddler may prefer only one particular food for days, then not want it for weeks

48
Q

Growth rate has slowed down and toddlers require less caloric intake

A

Physiological Anorexia

Don’t require much food

49
Q

Discipline

A

Limit Setting
Negotiation
Techniques to assist toddler in problem solving
Offer realistic choices
Keep instructions simple
Reinforce desirable behaviors
Extinction and time outs for negative

50
Q

Common developmental concerns for toddlers

A

Weaning to cup
Thumb sucking
Negativism
Temper Tantrums
Toilet Training
Toilet Teaching
Sibling Rivalry
Aggression and Regression

51
Q

Toilet Teaching Readiness

A

Regular BM after 2 years old
Expresses need to urinate or defecate
Diaper is not always wet
Willing to follow instructions
Walks well alone
Can pull down pants
Follows caregiver to bathroom
Climbs onto potty or toilet

52
Q

How to minimize sibling rivalry

A

Keep toddler routine close to normal as possible
Minimize other changes in the household
Spend individual time with toddler on daily basis
Involve toddler in care of the baby

53
Q

Regression

A

Toddler goes back to past behavior

Occurs during a stressful event
- Birth of sibling
- Hospitalization

Parents should ignore the regressive behavior and offer praise for age appropriate behavior or attainment of skills

54
Q

Model social behaviors and gender roles
Facilitate language and development by talking and reading to the child
Convey family cultural traditions and spiritual values
Provide emotional and psychological safety

A

Parents as first teachers

55
Q

Factors in choosing a preschool

A

Is child ready developmentally
Staff Training
Appropriate adult to child ratios
Disciplinary procedures consistent with parent’s values
Parents able to visit any time
School is child proofed
Appropriate hygiene measure are in place

ADN005 Pediatrics (21 decks)

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