Week 4 Chapter 46

Question 1

Transport nutrients and oxygen to the body tissues

Transport waste products from the tissues

Answer 1

RBCs

Question 2

Clotting

Answer 2

Thrombocytes and platelets

Question 3

WBCs

Answer 3

Fight infection

Question 4

Production of RBCs in the embryo begin by how many weeks?

Answer 4

8 weeks

Bloods cells in the embryo form in the liver

Question 5

Where is EPO primarily derived from

Answer 5

Liver in the Fetus and after birth the kidneys take over

Question 6

In absence of congenital defect the hematological system is..

Answer 6

Intact and functional at birth

Amount of fetal hemoglobin declines beginning at birth and as the child matures

Question 7

3 Types of Normal Hemoglobin

Answer 7

Hgb A- Predominant type after 6 months

Hgb F or fetal- Has shorter cell life
- Present in higher quantities putting the infant at risk for anemia
- Leads to problems in oxygen carrying capacity of blood

Hgb A2

Question 8

Actual number of counted RBCs in a certain volume of blood

Answer 8

RBC count

Question 9

Measure of the protein made up heme (Iron) and globin ( transports nutrients and oxygen)

Answer 9

Hgb

Question 10

Indirect measure of RBCs ( number and volume)

Answer 10

Hematocrit

Question 11

Cell diameter, Hgb/ RBC

Answer 11

RBC indices

Question 12

MCV

Answer 12

Average size of RBC

Question 13

Calculated value of the oxygen carrying capacity of the Hgb in RBCs

Answer 13

MCH

Question 14

A calculated value that reflects the concentration of Hgb inside the RBC

Answer 14

MCHC

Question 15

Calculated value that is measured of the width of RBCs

Answer 15

Red Cell distribution width

Question 16

Health history Related to Hematologic Functioning

Answer 16

Birth and Maternal History
- Low Birth Weight
Gestational Diabetes
- Vitamin K after birth for clotting?

Recent illnesses related to blood cell distribution
Sleep and wake patterns
Bowel elimination patterns
Family history for inherited disorders
Typical diet for deficits
Risk for lead exposure

Question 17

Common Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests

Answer 17

Complete blood count
Reticulocyte count
Hg electrophoresis
Blood type and cross match
Clotting Studies
Coagulating Factor concentration
Iron and lead levels
Serum Ferritin

Question 18

Nursing diagnoses for a child with Hematological Disorder

Answer 18

Fatigue
Pain
Impaired physical mobility
Ineffective health maintenance
Anxiety
Ineffective family coping

Question 19

Common Medications for Hemat Disorders

Answer 19

Iron Supplements and folic acid
Deferasirox/ deferoxamine- Binds with iron, removed in feces
Factor replacement VIII or IX- Replaces deficient clotting factors
Antibiotics
Hydroxyurea- Stimulates the development of Hgb (Sickle cell anemia)
Biotherapy (monoclonal antibodies)- stimulates production of RBCs

Question 20

IVIG- Provides antibodies

Answer 20

ITP Common Hemat Med

Question 21

Condition in which levels of RBCs and Hgb are lower than normal

Remember significant anemia result in hypoxia

Answer 21

Anemia

Question 22

Types of Anemia are

Answer 22

Nutritional Anemia
- Iron deficiency, folic acid, pernicious anemia

Toxin Exposure
- Lead poisoning

Aplastic Anemia
- Acquired as an adverse reaction to medication
- Rare congenital bone marrow failure ( Fanconi Anemia)

Hemolytic Anemia
- Sickle cell anemia, thalassemias

Question 23

Occurs when body does not have enough iron to produce Hgb

Peak prevalence in 12-24 month old children
- Cows milk consumption ( poor iron availability)
- Adolescence

Answer 23

Iron deficiency Anemia

Question 24

S/S of Iron Deficiency Anemia

Answer 24

Weakness, fatigue, headache, dizziness, SOB, and pallor

Therapeutic management-
Formula fortified with iron
Iron supplements( ferrous sulfate, ferrous fumarate)
Severe cases- PRBC transfusion