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psyc 102 > week 1 - continued > Flashcards

week 1 - continued Flashcards

1
Q

frontal lobe

A

motor control

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2
Q

occipital lobe

A

processes visual information

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3
Q

temporal lobe

A

codes auditory and olfactory information

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4
Q

parietal lobe

A

codes somatosensory info

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5
Q

incela

A

codes taste info

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6
Q

cerebellum

A
  • “little brain”
  • filled with lobules
  • contains biggest neurons
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7
Q

lobules

A

little lobes visible when the cerebellum is cut in half

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8
Q

neural net hypothesis (rectangular theory)

A

nervous system is a continuous mass of tissue

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9
Q

cell hypothesis theory

A

neurons are individual cells

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10
Q

neuron doctrine

A

neurons are cells that form the basic unit of the neverous system

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11
Q

What are the two main types of cells within the brain?

A

neurons and neuroglia

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12
Q

nucleus

A

holds DNA

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13
Q

mitochondria

A

produces ATP

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14
Q

golgi apparatus

A

transports lipids and proteins

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15
Q

smooth ER

A

produces lipids

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16
Q

rough ER

A

produces proteins

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17
Q

lysosomes

A

digest by using enzymes

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18
Q

cell membrane

A
  • phospholipid bilayer
  • keeps certain things in an out
  • contains transmembrane proteins
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19
Q

What is the phospholipid bilayer made of?

A

hydrophillic head and hydrophobic tail

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20
Q

What are ion channels made of?

A

group of transmembrane proteins

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21
Q

What is the function of neurons

A

process, transfer, and store information

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22
Q

What is the function of neurglia?

A

support, regulate, and protect neurons

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23
Q

How do you identify a neuron in comparison to other cells?

A
  • looks “busier” in the cell body
  • consists of a lot of organelles
24
Q

What are the different parts of a neuron?

A
  • soma
  • dendrites
  • axon
25
soma (cell body)
- contains organelles - stores and processes info - protein production
26
dendrites
- receive information from other neurons - stimulated by environmental changes or the activities of other cells - contains spines
27
axon
carries information away from the neuron
28
What are the parts of an axon?
- afferent axon - efferent axon - interneuron
29
afferent axon
receives sensory neurons and takes it into CNS (admission)
30
efferent axon
- responsible for behavioral response - motor neurons - "exit"
31
interneuron
- space between afferent axon and efferent axon - located in CNS - receives sensory information and sends it to motor neurons
32
synaptic terminal
- transfer information between neurons - full of mitochondria and synaptic vessels - usually connects with another dendrite
33
synaptic vessels
spaces filled with neurotransmitters that are sent out as signals
34
What are the different classifications of neurons based on form?
- anaxomic neuron - multipolar neuron - bipolar neuron - unipolar neuron
35
anaxomic neuron
- no anatomical clues to determine axons from dendrites - functions unknown - likely to be an interneuron; found in CNS
36
multipolar nueron
- most common type - multiple dendrites and a single axon
37
bipolar neuron
- two processes coming off cell body (one dendrite and one axon) - only found in ear, eye, and nose
38
unipolar (pseudounipolar) neuron
- single process coming off cell body, giving rise to dendrites (at one end) and axon (making up rest of process) - not actually one process
39
What are the different classifications of neurons based on type of information and the direction of transmission?
- sensory neurons - motor neurons - association neurons
40
sensory (afferent) neurons
- transmit sensory information from receptors of PNS and towards the CNS - most are unipolar, some are bipolar
41
motor (efferent) neurons
- transmit motor information from the CNS to effectors in periphery of body - all are multipolar
42
association neurons (interneurons)
- transmit information between neurons within the CNS - analyze inputs and coordinates outputs - most common type of neuron - all are multipolar
43
What occurs when motor neurons die?
You will be unable to move, however, you are still able to receive sensory information and bring it to interneurons in CNS. aka motor neuron disease
44
neuroglia
other cellular component of nervous system
45
What are the types of neuroglia?
- astrocytes - radial glia - microglia - oligodendrocytes - Schwann cells - satellite cells
46
astrocytes
- wrap synaptic terminals to aid in facilitating information and synchronicity - scaffolding - increase in number after brain injury
47
scaffolding
mechanical and metabolic support
48
radial glia
- astrocyte subtype - during fetal development, they extend long processes to use as scaffolding (ladder) to get a neuron from one location to another
49
microglia
- phagocytosis (eat dead debris) - increase in number after brain injury or toxic insult
50
What neuroglia mainly makes up nervous tissue?
Microglia makes up 5-20% of all glia
51
oligodendrocytes
surround axon and build myelin in CNS
52
myelin
surround sheet that allows electrical signals to move faster
53
Schwann cells
surround all axons of motor neuron in PNS creating a neurilemma around them
54
neurilemma
- allows for potential regeneration of damaged axons - creates myeline sheath around most axons of PNS
55
satellite cells
support groups of cell bodies of neurons within ganglia of PNS

psyc 102 (21 decks)

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