week 5 - laws of visual organization

Question 1

perceptual organization

Answer 1

the process by which elements in the environment become perceptually grouped to create our perception of objects

Question 2

segregation

Answer 2

separating objects through differences

Question 3

grouping

Answer 3

putting like objects into similar groups

Question 4

What were Gestalt psychologists views on perception?

Answer 4

we perceive the world through smaller elements or principles

Question 5

What are the 5 gestalt principles of perception?

Answer 5

• good continuation
• Pragnanz
• similarity
• proximity
• common fate

Question 6

good continuation

Answer 6

points that are connected by a straight line are seen in a way that follows the smoothest path

Question 7

pragnanz

Answer 7

every stimulus is seen as simple as possible, despite how complex they may seem

Question 8

similarity

Answer 8

similar things are grouped together

Question 9

proximity

Answer 9

things near each other are grouped together

Question 10

common fate

Answer 10

things moving in the same direction are grouped together

Question 11

What two principles did modern psychologists add on top of Gestalt principles?

Answer 11

• common region
• uniform connectedness

Question 12

common region

Answer 12

elements in same region tend to be grouped together

Question 13

uniform connectedness

Answer 13

connected region of visual properties are perceived as single unit

Question 14

figure-ground segregation

Answer 14

determining what part of environment is the figure so that it stands out from the background

Question 15

figure

Answer 15

• more “thing-like”
• more memorable than ground
• seen in front of ground

Question 16

ground

Answer 16

• more uniform
• extends behind figure
• background

Question 17

border ownership

Answer 17

contour separating figure from ground belongs to figure

Question 18

What factors determine which area is the figure?

Answer 18

• elements located in lower part of display
• convex side of borders (borders that bulge out)

Question 19

What did Gestalt psychologists believe in regard to experience and meaning in perceptual organization?

Answer 19

believed that meaning and experience played a minor role

Question 20

How did participants respond to M. Wertheimer’s “W & M” experiment?

Answer 20

despite seeing the first images of W and M, the participants were not able to identify the same

Question 21

What did Gibson conclude about experience and meaning in perceptual organization?

Answer 21

figure-ground can be affected by the meaningfulness of stimuli

Question 22

Gibson experiment

Answer 22

• the figure considered more meaningful was much easier to perceive as a familiar object
• the figure that did not hold meaning made it much more difficult to segregate figure from ground