Week 1 DRY

Question 1

In a horizontal section, name the 4 compartments of the neck.

Answer 1

Vertebral

Visceral

Vascular x 2

Question 2

How are these 4 compartments delineated?

Answer 2

Deep cervical fascia sends septae internally.

Question 3

Name the structures present in the vertebral compartment:

Answer 3

Cervical vertebrae.

Associated postural muscles

Question 4

Name 5 structures present in the visceral compartment of the neck.

Answer 4

Trachea

Oesophagus

Thyroid gland (&parathyroid glands)

Pharynx

Larynx

Question 5

Name 3 structures present in each of the vascular compartments.

Answer 5

Common carotid artery

Internal jugular vein

Vagus nerve

Question 6

Where does the vagus nerve lie in the carotid sheath in relation to the vascular contents (CCA, IJV)?

Answer 6

Posteriorly and in between them

Question 7

What fascia surrounds each of the vascular compartments?

Answer 7

Carotid sheath

Question 8

What fascia encloses the visceral compartment?

Answer 8

Pre-tracheal fascia.

Question 9

What fascia encloses the vertebral compartment?

Answer 9

Pre-vertebral fascia.

Question 10

All of the compartments are enclosed by an outer layer that surrounds the neck.

Name this layer and what it is composed of.

Answer 10

Musculofascial collar.

Deep cervical fascia

Certain mucles including SCM + trapezius

Question 11

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Answer 11

7

Question 12

Name 2 distinguishing features of cervical vertebra compared to other vertabra?

Answer 12

Bifid spinous process

Presence of transverse foramen

Question 13

C1 - known as the atlas - articulates with what part of the skull? Be specific.

Answer 13

Occipital condyles of occipital bone.

Question 14

What kind of joint is present between the occipital condyles and C1?

Answer 14

Synovial condyloid

Question 15

What kind of joint is present between C1 and C2 at the odontoid process?

Answer 15

Synovial pivot

Question 16

What structures pass through the transverse foramen of the cervical vertebra?

Answer 16

Vertebral arteries/veins

Question 17

What is the vertebra prominens?

Answer 17

C7

long spinous process = easily palpable

Question 18

What type of natural curvature exists in the cervical portion of the spine?

Answer 18

Lordosis (inward)

Question 19

State the 3 attachements of the sternocleidomastoid process.

Answer 19

Sternum (manubrium)

Clavicle

Mastoid process

Question 20

If the right SCM contracted, what side would the head tilt?

Answer 20

RIght side

Question 21

If the Right SCM contracted, to which side would the face turn?

Answer 21

Left

Question 22

Which cranial nerve innervates the sternocleiodmasotid and trapezius?

Answer 22

Cranial nerve XI

Accessory nerve

Question 23

Cervical plexus emerges from between which 2 muscles?

Answer 23

Anterior and middle scalene muscles.

Question 24

Draw a diagram labelling the branches of the aorta.

Question 25

At what level (relative to cartilaginous structures in the neck) does the common carotid artery divide into the external and internal carotid arteries.

Answer 25

Upper border of thyroid cartilage

Question 26

Which of the external carotid or internal carotid give off branches in the neck?

Answer 26

External carotid

Question 27

Which of the internal carotid and external carotid run more laterally?

Answer 27

Internal carotid

Question 28

What are the 2 terminal branches of the external carotid (given off in the face) and within what glandular structure are they given off?

Answer 28

Maxillary artery Superficial temporal artery Parotid gland.

Question 29

Which vein of the upper limb does the internal jugular merge with and what is the name of the vein formed?

Answer 29

Subclavian vein Forming brachiocephalic vein

Question 30

External jugular is a superficial vein that drains what general area?

Answer 30

Face and scalp

Question 31

The external jugular vein runs along the sternocleidomastoid - superficial or deeply?

Answer 31

Superficial

Question 32

What vein does the external jugular vein drain into?

Answer 32

Subclavian vein

Question 33

The Phrenic nerve arises from what plexus in the neck?

Answer 33

Cervical Plexus

Question 34

Where does the phrenic nerve lie in relation to the carotid sheath?

Answer 34

Lateral and posterior.

Question 35

Name the 4 suprahyoid muscles

Answer 35

Mylohyoid Digastric Stylohyoid Geniohyoid

Question 36

What action do the suprahyoid muscles have on the mandible and the hyoid bone?

Answer 36

Lower mandible Elevate hyoid bone

Question 37

Give a physiological example of the contraction of the suprahyoid muscles.

Answer 37

Swallowing. Makes distance for food to travel much smaller.

Question 38

Name the 4 infrahyoid muscles.

Answer 38

Sternohyoid Sternothyroid Thyrohyoid Omohyoid

Question 39

Which of the sternohyoid and sternothyroid is more superficial?

Answer 39

Sternohyoid

Question 40

State the nerve supply of the infrahyoid muscles.

Answer 40

Ansa cervicalis (C1-C3)

Question 41

What are the vertebral roots of the cervical plexus?

Answer 41

C1-C4

Question 42

Between which two muscles does the cervical plexus emerge?

Answer 42

Anterior and middle scalene muscles.

Question 43

Name a motor nerve that arises from the cervical plexus and travels down through the thorax.

Answer 43

Phrenic.

Question 44

What are the anatomical parts of the thyroid gland?

Answer 44

2 lobes and an isthmus.

Question 45

At what level (in relation to the trachea) does the isthmus of the thyroid gland lie?

Answer 45

2nd or 3rd tracheal ring.

Question 46

In which of the four neck compartments does the thyroid gland lie?

Answer 46

Visceral.

Question 47

What is the blood supply to the thyroid gland?

Answer 47

Superior thyroid artery.