Week 2 - Session 3 Flashcards Preview

Anatomy Year 2 - Head + Neck > Week 2 - Session 3 > Flashcards

Flashcards in Week 2 - Session 3 Deck (29)
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1
Q

With which structure is the larynx continuous with superiorly?

A

Oropharynx

2
Q

What does the larynx continue as inferiorly?

A

Trachea

3
Q

Which cartilage has a prominence which forms the “adam’s apple”?

A

Thyroid cartilage

4
Q

Name a paired cartilage of the larynx

A

Arytenoid cartilage

5
Q

Which cartilage of the larynx is a complete ring?

A

Cricoid

6
Q

The space between the laryngeal cartilages is occupied by what?

A

Dense connective tissue membranes

e. g. thyrohyoid membrane (ligament)
e. g. cricothyroid membrane (ligament)

7
Q

Name the 4 structures which form the laryngeal inlet.

A

Epiglottis

Arytenoid cartilage

Aryepiglottic fold

Vestibular fold

8
Q

The lumen of the larynx can be split into 3 parts. Name them.

A

Vestibule - area between laryngeal inlet and false vocal cords

Laryngeal ventricle - between false and true vocal cords

Between vocal cords and cricoid cartilage

9
Q

What is the nerve supply to the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve.

(except cricothyroid muscle - superior laryngeal nerve)

10
Q

What is the sensory nerve supply to the mucous membrane of the larynx?

A

Internal laryngeal nerve

11
Q

What is the position of the vocal cords during normal respiration?

A

Abducted

12
Q

What is the position of the vocal cords during rapid breathing?

A

Fully abducted

13
Q

What is the position of the vocal cords during speaking?

A

Adducted (closed)

14
Q

The roof of the nasopharynx is formed by what?

A

Sphenoid bone

15
Q

In relation to the larynx, the hypopharynx/laryngopharynx lies ……………….

A

Posterior

16
Q

What prevents a bolus of food in the oropharynx from entering into the nasopahrynx?

A

Soft palate

17
Q

What prevents the bolus from entering into the larynx?

A

Epiglottis

18
Q

The pharynx has 3 layers. Name them.

A

Outer muscular layer

Middle fibrous layer

Inner mucous membrane

19
Q

The outer muscular layer of the pharynx is composed of what 2 layers?

A

Outer circular layer

Inner longitudinal layer

20
Q

The outer circular layer is composed of what 3 muscles?

A

Superior, middle and inferior constrictors.

21
Q

The inner longitudinal layer is formed by what 3 muscles?

A

Salpingopharyngeus

Stylopharyngeus

Palatopharyngeus

22
Q

The pharynx receives innervation from the pharyngeal plexus. Branches of which 2 cranial nerves form the pharyngeal plexus?

A

Vagus (X)

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

23
Q

Of these, which nerve is sensory to the pharynx?

A

Glossopharyngeal

24
Q

Which nerve provides most of the motor innervation to the pharynx?

A

Vagus (X)

25
Q

What is the role of the constrictor muscles of the pharynx during swallowing?

A

Propel food into oesophagus

26
Q

What is the role of the longitudinal layers of musce of the pharynx during swallowing?

A

Shorten pharynx during swallowing

27
Q

What is the role of the tongue during swallowing?

A

Push food back

28
Q

The larynx is lined by ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium except at the vocal cords - what type of epithelium is here?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

29
Q
A