week 1- intro to python

Question 1

incremental development

Answer 1

writing, compiling, and testing code in small amounts

Question 2

program specifications

Answer 2

output statements and submit for grading after each step

Question 3

program

Answer 3

instructions executing one at a time

input -> process -> output

Question 4

input

Answer 4

program gets data from file, keyboard, touchscreen, etc

Question 5

process

Answer 5

program preforms computations on that data

Question 6

output

Answer 6

program puts data somewhere

Question 7

variables

Answer 7

used to refer to data, like x

Question 8

computational thinking

Answer 8

creating sequence of instructions to solve a problem

Question 9

algorithm

Answer 9

sequence of instructions that solves a problem

Question 10

python interpreter

Answer 10

computer program that executed code written in python coding language

Question 11

code

Answer 11

textual representation of a program

Question 12

line

Answer 12

row of code

Question 13

interactive interpreter

Answer 13

program that allows code to execute one line at a time

Question 14

prompt («<)

Answer 14

indicates interpreter is ready to accept code

Question 15

statement

Answer 15

program instruction, on its own line

Question 16

expression

Answer 16

code that returns value when evaluated (ex: x*y)

Question 17

assignment

Answer 17

= sign, used to create new variable

Question 18

print()

Answer 18

displays variables or expression values

Question 19

comments #

Answer 19

notes written by programmer

Question 20

string literals

Answer 20

letters, numbers, spaces, and symbols in quotes “ “

Question 21

newline

Answer 21

ourput after every print(), each use of print() should start on a new line

Question 22

keeping output on same line

Answer 22

add end = ‘ ‘ inside of print function for lines to be separated by single space

Question 23

commas

Answer 23

used to separate different items in output

Question 24

newline character /n

Answer 24

output can move to next line

Question 25

whitespace

Answer 25

any space, tab, or newline

Question 26

input()

Answer 26

allows user to input values, causes interpreter to wait for input before continuing

Question 27

string

Answer 27

sequence of character 'Hello' is 'H' 'e' 'l' 'l' 'o'

Question 28

type

Answer 28

determines how a value can behave (ex: string, integers)

Question 29

int()

Answer 29

can convert string to integer

Question 30

input prompt

Answer 30

add string into input function to give user prompt before they input data

Question 31

syntax error

Answer 31

violates programming rules on how symbols can be combined ex: putting multiple print() on one line

Question 32

runtime error

Answer 32

program attempts impossible operation, like divide by 0

Question 33

crash

Answer 33

abrupt and unintended termination of a program

Question 34

indentation error

Answer 34

lines of a program aren't properly indented

Question 35

value error

Answer 35

invalid values used ex: letters in int()

Question 36

name error

Answer 36

program tries to use variable that doesn't exist

Question 37

type error

Answer 37

operation uses incorrect types ex: adding integer to a string

Question 38

logic error

Answer 38

program loads correctly but doesn't behave as expected (aka bug)

Question 39

switch

Answer 39

controls whether or not electricity flows

Question 40

1

Answer 40

positive, electricity flows

Question 41

0

Answer 41

zero, prevents flow of electricity

Question 42

bits

Answer 42

0s and 1s that build connections

Question 43

processors

Answer 43

circuits created to execute list of desired calculations

Question 44

instruction

Answer 44

list of desired calculations

Question 45

memory

Answer 45

circuit that can store 1s and 0s

Question 46

machine instructions

Answer 46

instructions in bits (1s and 0s)

Question 47

executable program

Answer 47

sequence of machine instructions together

Question 48

assembly language instructions

Answer 48

machine learning instructions translated to human readable form

Question 49

assemblers

Answer 49

translate machine learning instructions to assemble language instructions

Question 50

high-level languages

Answer 50

support programming w/ formulas or algorithms

Question 51

compilers

Answer 51

programs that translate high level languages into executable program

Question 52

input/output devices

Answer 52

screens display output and keyboards allow user to input data

Question 53

storage

Answer 53

disk/hard drive stores files and other data

Question 54

memory

Answer 54

RAM (random access memory) temporarily holds and reads data from storage, RAM us more costly per bit but runs faster

Question 55

bytes

Answer 55

8 bit segments

Question 56

proessor

Answer 56

runs computer program by reading and executing instructions from memory (aka CPUs)

Question 57

operating system

Answer 57

allows user to run other programs and interfaces with many peripherals

Question 58

cache

Answer 58

memory accessible in one clock tick, processor chip with small amount of RAM

Question 59

clock

Answer 59

in processor, ticks at specific frequency to govern rate of processor's executions

Question 60

integrated circuit (IC)

Answer 60

smaller switches, also known as transistors

Question 61

moore's law

Answer 61

doubling of IC capacity every 18 months

Question 62

scripting languages

Answer 62

executes program without need for compilation

Question 63

script

Answer 63

program whose instructions are executed by interpreter

Question 64

advantages of script

Answer 64

avoids compilation step, you can run the same script on different processors

Question 64

backward compatible

Answer 64

older versions run on newer ones, python is NOT backward compatible

Question 65

python

Answer 65

scripted language created by Van Rossum in late 1980s

Question 65

disadvantage of scripts

Answer 65

slower and requires multiple interpreter instructions

Question 66

open source

Answer 66

user community participates in defining a language and creating new interpreters

Question 67

precision

Answer 67

small details like correct spelling, case, and whitespace