Week 1-Knee

Question 1

What is a prophylactic knee brace for?

Answer 1

Reduce risk of injury

Question 2

What is a rehabilitative knee brace for?

Answer 2

post-surgical

Question 3

What is a functional knee brace for?

Answer 3

biomechanical stability

Question 4

What is a patellofemoral knee brace for?

Answer 4

patellar tracking

Anterior pain

Question 5

What is an unloader (functional OA) knee brace for?

Answer 5

Decrease Tibiofemoral joint compression forces

Decrease arthritic knee pain

Question 6

What makes up the tibiofemoral joint?

Answer 6

Femoral condyles and tibial plateau

Question 7

In open chain does the tibia or fibula rotate around the condyles?

Answer 7

Tibia rotates

Question 8

In closed chain does the tibia or fibular rotate around the condyles?

Answer 8

Medial condyle rotates medially on tibia (locking mechanism)

Question 9

Which is longer medial or lateral condyle?

Answer 9

medial femoral condyle

Question 10

Which way is the femur angled?

Answer 10

medially

Question 11

What is the knee capsule reinforced by?

Answer 11

collagen rich retinaculum

Question 12

What stabilizes the knee?

Answer 12

Quadriceps and knee flexors

Question 13

What is the menisci made of?

Answer 13

It is fibrocartilaginous

Question 14

What does the menisci do?

Answer 14

Increase concavity of tibial surface
Increase congruency with femoral condyles
Facilitate gliding 
Distribute weight bearing forces
Nutrition of joint

Question 15

Medial collateral ligament look like what?

Answer 15

Flat band

Question 16

What is the origin of the MCL?

Answer 16

Med. Epicondyle of femur

Question 17

What is the Inserts of the MCL?

Answer 17

Med. Surface of Tibial Plateau

Question 18

What does the MCL do?

Answer 18

Resists valgus stressors with knee slightly flexed to full extension
2nd: resist ER
Backs up ACL in anterior translation

Question 19

What does the LCL look like?

Answer 19

Strong, flat band

Question 20

What is the origin of the LCL?

Answer 20

Lateral femoral condyle

Question 21

What is the insertion of the LCL?

Answer 21

Proxiaml lateral fibular head

Question 22

What does the LCL do?

Answer 22

Resists varus stressors and lateral rotation of tibia (slight flexion)

Question 23

What does the iliotibial band do?

Answer 23

Resists knee varus

Assists ACL to prevent posterior displacement of tibia

Question 24

What does the ACL do?

Answer 24

Prevents anterior translation

Excessive medial rotation of tibia going into ext.

Question 25

What is the origin of ACL?

Answer 25

Fossa joint ant. lat to ant. tibial spine

Question 26

What is the insertion of the ACL?

Answer 26

Pos. med. surface of lat femoral condyle

Question 27

When is the ACL vulnerable?

Answer 27

IR of tibia with flexed knee

Question 28

What does the PCL do?

Answer 28

Resists posterior translation of tibia

Question 29

What is the origin of PCL?

Answer 29

Posterior tibia

Question 30

What is the insertion of PCL?

Answer 30

Pos. lat. surface of med. femoral condyle

Question 31

When is the PCL tight?

Answer 31

Flexion

Question 32

When is the PCL loose?

Answer 32

Extension

Question 33

What does the PCL assist?

Answer 33

Locking mechanism | Collateral lig. with varus and valgus stressors

Question 34

What the unhappy triad?

Answer 34

ACL MCL Medial Meniscus Usually when foot planted on ground

Question 35

What type of bone is the patella?

Answer 35

Sesamoid bone

Question 36

What is the patella important to help?

Answer 36

knee extension mechanism

Question 37

Is medial or lateral dislocation of patella more common?

Answer 37

Lateral

Question 38

What are the osteokinematic motions of the knee?

Answer 38

Flexion/Extension Abduction/Adduction Internal/external rotation

Question 39

What are the arthrokinematic movements of the knee?

Answer 39

Rolling Gliding Sliding

Question 40

Which ligaments control the roll/glide of the knee?

Answer 40

ACL and PCL

Question 41

What is the ROM knee brace used for?

Answer 41

Protect surgical site

Question 42

What is the design aspects of the ROM knee brace?

Answer 42

Full extension lock Limits ROM Telescoping design Full or cool design

Question 43

Where is the ROM knee brace put on and how?

Answer 43

At hospital Contour uprights Place at desired ROM or full extension if none

Question 44

Who made the origianl Functional knee brace design?

Answer 44

Lennox Hill Derotation Brace 1970

Question 45

What does the functional knee brace do?

Answer 45

Control ML and rotational instability when multiple ligaments impaired.

Question 46

What are the design aspects of the functional knee brace?

Answer 46

Rigid structure Carbon, aluminum, or titanium Polycentric knee unit Ext/Flex stop

Question 47

When are OA knee braces used?

Answer 47

Collagen fibers of articular cartilage are compromised | Uneven distribution of load forces

Question 48

What should be done before fitting a patient with an unloader knee brace?

Answer 48

Test to see if pain decreases

Question 49

What are the pathologies that can benefit from the patellofemoral orthosis?

Answer 49

Patellofemoral pain syndrome Patellar subluxation/dislocation Chondromalacia Quad or patellar tendon pain

Question 50

What tests are used to test ACL?

Answer 50

Anterior drawer sign | Lachman Test

Question 51

What test is used to test the PCL?

Answer 51

Posterior Drawer sign

Question 52

What test is used to test MCL?

Answer 52

Ligament laxity

Question 53

What test is used to test the LCL?

Answer 53

Ligament laxity

Question 54

What test is used to test medial compartment pain?

Answer 54

Varus moment

Question 55

What test is used to test lateral compartment pain?

Answer 55

Valgus moment

Question 56

What is the anterior drawer sign?

Answer 56

Knee at 90 degrees Grasp tibia compressing popliteal soft tissue Pull anterior

Question 57

What is the lachman test?

Answer 57

Knee at 20-30 degrees Grasp distal thigh push posteriorly Grasp proxiaml tibia pull anteriorly

Question 58

What is the posterior drawer sign?

Answer 58

knee 90 | Push posteriorly on pre-tibia

Question 59

How do you test ligament laxity?

Answer 59

Knee extended and create varus (MCL) or valgus (LCL) thrust

Question 60

How do you test medial compartment pain?

Answer 60

Patient fully weight bears create varus moment Increased pain is a sign for medial compartment problem (brace wont help) Decreased pain you can use unloader brace

Question 61

Which moment do you create when testing lateral compartment pain?

Answer 61

Valgus moment

Question 62

If there is pain with a varus and valgus moment when testing compartment pain, what does it indicate?

Answer 62

Unloader brace is not effective