Week 1 (modellen)

Question 1

Health Belief Model (Becker)

Answer 1

Action / health behavior is determined by:
- Perceived susceptibility
- Perceived severity
These 2 factors together make up our perception of threath.

Our behavioral evaluation is determined by:
- Perceived benefits
- Perceived barriers
If there are more benefits than barriers, we are more likely to action.

Our action is also determined by cues to action: stimuli in the environment that trigger action.

Question 2

Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura)

Answer 2

Health behavior / action is determined by:
- Self-efficacy
- Outcome expectation

Question 3

Sources of self-efficacy

Answer 3

• Own experiences
• Vicarious experiences (others)
• Verbal persuasion
• Emotional arousal

Question 4

Theory of Planned Behavior / Reasoned Action Approach (Fishbein & Azjen)

Answer 4

The most proximal determinant of behavior is indention. Intention is determined by 3 factors:
1. Attitude
2. Descriptive and injunctive norms
3. Perceived behavioral control (capacity, autonomy, actual control)

Question 5

Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan)

Answer 5

There are 2 different kinds of motivation, depending on how autonomous you are:

1. Controlled motivation consists of:
   - External regulation: driven by rewards and punishment.
   - Introjected regulation: driven by your own rewards and punishments.
2. Autonomous motivation consists of:
   - Identified regulation: driven by values and goals.
   - Integrated regulation: driven by integrated values and goals.
   - Intrinsic motivation: driven by liking something.

A motivation = not seeing a reason for the behavior / action.

Question 6

Health Action Process Approach (Schwarzer)

Answer 6

In the motivational phase you have an intention and in the volitional phase you translate your intention into action. These phases are regulated by:
- Action planning: your plans to put intention into action.
- Coping planning: how to cope if things don’t go as planned.

This model als makes a distinction between 3 types of self-efficacy.

Question 7

3 types of self-efficacy

Answer 7

1. Task self-efficacy: sense of being able to do something.
2. Maintenance self-efficacy: whether you can do it consequently.
3. Recovery self-efficacy: belief that you can recover when you don’t do it.

Question 8

Dual process theories

Answer 8

Our behavior is not only determined by intention, but also by reasoning:
1. Type 1 reasoning: fast, impulsive, always turned on, doesn’t cost a lot of energy.
2. Type 2 reasoning: slow, thoughtful, can be turned on but costs a lot of energy.

Question 9

COM-B model

Answer 9

Combines the main aspects of different models:

• C: Capacity: can you perform the behavior. (Psychological and physical capacity.)
• O: Opportunity: does the environment allow you to perform the behavior. (Social and physical environment.)
• M: Motivation: are you motivated to perform the behavior. (Automatic and reflective motivation).

Question 10

Theoretical Domains Framework

Answer 10

Tried to find commonalities between all 83 behavior theories and identified 14 unique domains (ex: social influence, optimism, beliefs etc.)

Question 11

Behavior Change Wheel

Answer 11

Combines the COM-B model and the theoretical domains framework to make a step by step process for developing interventions.

Question 12

Downsize of these theories

Answer 12

They all say that we make reasoned decisions, while we often make automatic ones. The dual processing theory try to explain these decisions.