Week 1 - Neurotransmitters, developmental theories (general), other general

Question 1

Definition of mental illness

Answer 1

A disturbance in thoughts or mood that cause maladaptive behavior, inability to cope with normal stresses, and or impaired functioning

Question 2

What type of model is used for community mental health nursing?

Answer 2

Public Health Model

Question 3

Public Health model - primary prevention

Answer 3

Services aimed at reducing the incidence of mental disorders within a population

Question 4

Primary prevention examples

Answer 4

Teach stress reduction, parenting skills to prospective parents, physical and psychosocial effects of alcohol/drugs to elementary school students

Question 5

Public Health model - secondary prevention

Answer 5

Interventions aimed at minimizing early symptoms of psychiatric illness and directed toward reducing the prevalence and duration of the illness

Question 6

Secondary prevention examples

Answer 6

PHQ-2 depression screening, ongoing assessment of high risk individuals, identify at risk individuals

Question 7

Public Health model - tertiary prevention

Answer 7

Services aimed at reducing the severity, discomfort or disability of a disorder - aka rehab

Question 8

Tertiary prevention examples

Answer 8

Rehab, teaching daily living skills, monitoring effective of aftercare services

Question 9

Therapeutic use of self

Answer 9

Ability to use one’s personality consciously and in full awareness in an attempt to establish relatedness and to structure nursing interventions

Question 10

Therapeutic use of self requires _______

Answer 10

Self awareness

Question 11

5 essential conditions to develop a therapeutic relationship

Answer 11

• Rapport
• Trust/confidentiality
• Respect
• Genuineness
• Empathy

Question 12

4 major categories of neurotransmitters implicated in psychiatry

Answer 12

• Cholinergic
• Monamines
• Amino acids
• Neuropeptides

Question 13

What are neurotransmitters?

Answer 13

Brain chemicals that communicate information throughout our brain and our body

Question 14

What kind of chemicals are neurotransmitters?

Answer 14

Endoginous - made within our body

Question 15

Cholinergic example

Answer 15

Acetylcholine

Question 16

Acetylcholine - location

Answer 16

ANS - autonomic nervous system

Question 17

Acetylcholine - function (5)

Answer 17

Implicated in: CAMPS

• coordination of movement
• arousal
• modulation and memory
• pain perception
• sleep

Question 18

Acetylcholine - possible implications (3)

Answer 18

Parkinsons, Hungtingtons, Alzheimers

Question 19

Levels of Acetylcholine transmission _______ in depression

Answer 19

Increased transmutation in depression

Question 20

3 types of Monamine neurotransmitters

Answer 20

Norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin

Question 21

Norepinephrine - category, locations

Answer 21

Monamine

ANS, CNS

Question 22

Norepinephrine functions (6)

Answer 22

Regulation of: MAPS CC

• Mood
• Arousal
• Perception
• Sleep
• Cognition
• Cardiovascular functioning

Question 23

Norepinephrine is increase in…. (3)

Answer 23

Mania, anxiety states, schizophrenia

Question 24

Norepinephrine is decreased in…

Answer 24

Depression

Question 25

Dopamine - category

Answer 25

Monamine

Question 26

Dopamine - functions (4)

Answer 26

Regulation of: PrMed - Pain and pleasure Reward centers - Movement and coordination - Emotions - Decision making

Question 27

Dopamine is deceased in

Answer 27

Depression and Parkinsons

Question 28

Dopamine is increased in

Answer 28

Mania

Question 29

Dopamine is dysregulated in

Answer 29

Schizophrenia

Question 30

Serotonin - category, locations

Answer 30

Monamine | Diffusely distributed throughout the body and CNS

Question 31

Serotonin - functions (8)

Answer 31

LAMA CAPS - Libido - Arousal - Mood - Appetite - Cognition - Aggression - Pain perception - Sleep

Question 32

Where are there high concentrations of serotonin?

Answer 32

GI tract - implicated in the nausea associated with SSRIs

Question 33

Why are GI problem side effects with serotonin?

Answer 33

There are many receptors in the gut

Question 34

Serotonin has increased levels with

Answer 34

Mania

Question 35

Serotonin has decreased levels in

Answer 35

Depression

Question 36

Serotonin is dysregulated in

Answer 36

Anxiety

Question 37

2 examples of Amino Acids

Answer 37

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA), Glutamate

Question 38

GABA is _____ where as Glutamate is ______

Answer 38

GABA: inhibitory Glutamate: excitatory

Question 39

GABA - category, location

Answer 39

Amino acid, wide spread in the CNS

Question 40

GABA - function

Answer 40

Interrupts the progression of electrical impulse at the synaptic junction (slows down body activity)

Question 41

Decreased levels of GABA in... (3)

Answer 41

Anxiety, movement disorders, epilepsy

Question 42

Glutamate - category, locations (3)

Answer 42

Amino acid | Pyramidal cells in the cortex, cerebellum, and primary sensory afferent systems

Question 43

Glutamate functions

Answer 43

- Relay of sensory info | - Regulation of motor and spinal reflexes

Question 44

Glutamate implications (2)

Answer 44

- Etiology of certain neurogenerative disorders | - Schizophrenia

Question 45

Neuropeptide examples (2)

Answer 45

Endorphins | Enkephalins

Question 46

Endorphins and enkephalins are what types of peptides?

Answer 46

Opioid peptides

Question 47

Endorphins and Enkephalins - locations (6)

Answer 47

- Hypothalamus - Thalamus - Limbic structures - Midbrain - Brainstem - GI tract (Enkephalins)

Question 48

Endorphins and Enkephalins - functions (2)

Answer 48

Pain modulation, pleasure

Question 49

Endorphins and Enkephalins - implications (2)

Answer 49

Addictions, schizophrenia

Question 50

Developmental theories define

Answer 50

What is appropriate or inappropriate at each developmental level

Question 51

According to developmental theories, individuals pass through

Answer 51

stages

Question 52

Psychoanalysis theorist

Answer 52

Freud

Question 53

Psychosocial development theory

Answer 53

Erikson

Question 54

Behavioral development theory

Answer 54

Watson

Question 55

Social learning theory

Answer 55

Bandura

Question 56

Cognitive development theory

Answer 56

Piaget