Week 1: Normal vs. Abnormal Flashcards
(83 cards)
1
Q
A psychological dysfunction within an individual. Associated with distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected.
A
Psychological Disorder
2
Q
NORMAL VS. ABNORMAL
Behavior that is typical, expected, and conforms to societal norms and standards.
A
Normal Behavior
3
Q
NORMAL VS. ABNORMAL
Characteristics of this behavior include being adaptive, functional, and not causing significant distress or impairment
A
Normal Behavior
4
Q
NORMAL VS. ABNORMAL
Behavior that deviates from societal norms, is maladaptive, and may cause significant distress or impairment.
A
Abnormal Behavior
5
Q
NORMAL VS. ABNORMAL
Characteristics of this behavior include being
persistent, excessive and interfering with daily functioning.
A
Abnormal Behavior
6
Q
NORMAL VS. ABNORMAL
Feeling sad after a loss.
A
Normal Behavior
7
Q
NORMAL VS. ABNORMAL
Occasional mood swings.
A
Normal Behavior
8
Q
NORMAL VS. ABNORMAL
Hallucinations or delusions during a schizophrenic episode.
A
Abnormal Behavior
9
Q
NORMAL VS. ABNORMAL
Extreme anxiety that leads to avoidance of social situations.
A
Abnormal Behavior
10
Q
NORMAL VS. ABNORMAL
Experiencing stress before an exam.
A
Normal Behavior
11
Q
NORMAL VS. ABNORMAL
Severe depression that prevents an individual from working.
A
Abnormal Behavior
12
Q
TRUE or FALSE
There is a sharp dividing line between normal and abnormal.
A
FALSE, there is none.
13
Q
ENUMERATION
What are the 4 D’s in Abnormal Psychology?
A
- Deviance
- Distress
- Danger
- Dysfunction
14
Q
4 D’S IN ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
Behavior that is significantly different or atypical from societal norms or cultural expectations.
A
Deviance
15
Q
TRUE or FALSE
Culture plays a role in defining what is “normal” and “abnormal”.
A
TRUE
16
Q
DEVIANT or NOT DEVIANT?
A person with a belief system that ultimately isolates them and creates concern in others.
A
DEVIANT
16
Q
DEVIANCE or NOT DEVIANCE?
Going against expected behavior for the climate and setting, such as wearing heavy winter-wear in a tropical country.
A
DEVIANCE
17
Q
DEVIANCE or NOT DEVIANCE?
Being religiously devoted and attending Mass every Sunday of every week in every month leading up to a year.
A
NOT DEVIANCE
18
Q
DEVIANCE or NOT DEVIANCE?
Eating unpopular foods such as chicken feet, grilled pork blood or 1-day old chicks (in a Filipino society).
A
NOT DEVIANCE
19
Q
DEVIANCE or NOT DEVIANCE?
Speaking to yourself so loudly in a mall to the point that your voice and laughter can be heard by people in every store you pass.
A
DEVIANCE
20
Q
DEVIANCE or NOT DEVIANCE?
Consuming a whole tube of blueberry toothpaste despite being told by your parents it’s not food.
A
DEVIANCE
21
Q
DEVIANCE or NOT DEVIANCE?
Wearing a simple jacket on a sunny day.
A
NOT DEVIANCE
22
Q
DEVIANCE or NOT DEVIANCE?
Believing you’re the second coming of God or the New Messiah that has to save the world from rapture.
A
DEVIANCE
23
Q
4 D’S IN ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
Behavior that causes significant emotional or psychological discomfort to an individual – to the point that they become extremely upset.
A
Distress
24
**DISTRESS or NOT DISTRESS?**
Coming into an exam feeling tired due to cramming 10 powerpoints' worth of knowledge just minutes before.
NOT DISTRESS
25
**DISTRESS or NOT DISTRESS?**
Constantly worrying about your grades due to a deep-seated fear of failure to the point of throwing up, having emotional breakdowns or crying uncontrollably when receiving a 75% instead of 95% or higher.
DISTRESS
26
**DISTRESS or NOT DISTRESS?**
Experiencing reoccurring bouts of anxiety regarding being contaminated, and feeling as if everything you touch is dirty to the point of wanting to wash your hands even after washing them just moments before.
DISTRESS
27
**DISTRESS or NOT DISTRESS?**
Crying because something reminded you of a loved one that recently passed away.
NOT DISTRESS
28
**DISTRESS or NOT DISTRESS?**
Getting a stomach ache or feeling nervous before a class presentation.
NOT DISTRESS
29
**DISTRESS or NOT DISTRESS?**
Feeling as if the world is out to get you -- resulting in bouts of irritation, anger, lashing out at loved ones and a severe feeling of loneliness or hopelessness.
DISTRESS
30
**4 D'S IN ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY**
Refers to a **breakdown** in cognitive, emotional or behavioral functioning. This typically interferes with daily functioning in work, relationships and more.
Dysfunction
31
**DYSFUNCTIONAL OR NOT DYSFUNCTIONAL?**
Experiencing an intense emotional numbness and lack of productivity to the point of missing work frequently and having difficulty concentrating or committing to anything.
DYSFUNCTIONAL
32
**DYSFUNCTIONAL OR NOT DYSFUNCTIONAL?**
Forgetting commitments, neglecting relationships to the point of falling out with people that loved you, and missing out on important family events due to a heavy dependence on drinking.
DYSFUNCTIONAL
33
**DYSFUNCTIONAL OR NOT DYSFUNCTIONAL?**
Despite health concerns, you feel the need to smoke several cigarettes before and after each work shift to ease any severe anxieties or nervousness regarding the tasks you need/needed to accomplish for the day.
DYSFUNCTIONAL
34
**DYSFUNCTIONAL OR NOT DYSFUNCTIONAL?**
Avoiding taking an exam, missing out on presentations, refusing to participate in group projects and physically feeling sick at the thought of performance situations due to severe anxiety.
DYSFUNCTIONAL
35
**DYSFUNCTIONAL OR NOT DYSFUNCTIONAL?**
Routinely checking to see if every door in your house is locked before heading to bed every night out of a general concern for safety.
NOT DYSFUNCTIONAL
36
**4 D'S IN ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY**
Behavior that poses a **risk of harm** to an individual or others.
Danger
37
**DANGEROUS or NOT DANGEROUS?**
A coworker keeps telling unnervingly detailed stories of their interest in real-life homicide cases -- really getting into the gory parts despite you telling them that it makes you uncomfortable.
NOT DANGEROUS
38
**DANGEROUS or NOT DANGEROUS?**
Out of a severe paranoia that someone or something is watching your every move, you begin to carry around an unlicensed firearm despite not having any formal training.
DANGEROUS
39
**DANGEROUS or NOT DANGEROUS?**
You make the choice to have your organs donated for medical use in the case of your untimely death.
NOT DANGEROUS
40
**DANGEROUS or NOT DANGEROUS?**
You refuse to eat any kind of meat and only resort to eating vegetables or vegan-alternative food products out of your deep love for animals.
NOT DANGEROUS
41
**DANGEROUS or NOT DANGEROUS?**
A mother refuses to have her baby get all the necessary vaccines due to anxiety that stems from a misguided belief that vaccines will do more harm than good for her child.
DANGEROUS
42
**CLINICAL TERMINOLOGY IN UNDERSTANDING MENTAL ILLNESS**
This refers to the **cause or set of causes** of a mental disorder. This may include biological, psychological or environmental factors.
Etiology
43
**CLINICAL TERMINOLOGY IN UNDERSTANDING MENTAL ILLNESS**
The **initial issue or symptom** that prompts an individual to seek help. Typically the complaint brought to the clinician's attention.
Presenting Problem
44
**CLINICAL TERMINOLOGY IN UNDERSTANDING MENTAL ILLNESS**
**How quickly** symptoms begin.
Onset
45
**TYPES OF ONSET**
A **sudden** form of onset; an example of which is a panic attack.
Acute Onset
46
**TYPES OF ONSET**
A form of onset that has a **gradual development** over time. An example of which include schizophrenia symptoms that slowly begin to worsen with age.
Insidious Onset
47
**CLINICAL TERMINOLOGY IN UNDERSTANDING MENTAL ILLNESS**
The **pattern** of development and change overtime.
Course
48
**TYPES OF COURSES**
Symptoms that resolve on their own. An example of which is grief.
Time-limited Course
49
**TYPES OF COURSES**
Symptoms that come and go. An example of which is Major Depressive Disorder.
Episodic Course
50
**TYPES OF COURSES**
Symptoms that are long-lasting. An example of which is Schizophrenia.
Chronic Course
51
**CLINICAL TERMINOLOGY IN UNDERSTANDING MENTAL ILLNESS**
Refers to the **expected outcome** of the disorder, with or without treatment.
Prognosis
52
**TYPES OF PROGNOSIS**
A prognosis that points to likely recovery or improvement.
Good Prognosis
53
**TYPES OF PROGNOSIS**
A prognosis that points to limited improvement or ongoing difficulties.
Poor Prognosis
54
**CLINICAL TERMINOLOGY IN UNDERSTANDING MENTAL ILLNESS**
The study of the distribution and **frequency of disorders** in populations.
Epidemiology
55
**EPIDEMIOLOGY**
Refers to **how many** people currently have a given disorder.
Prevalence
56
**EPIDEMIOLOGY**
Refers to the **number of new cases** in a given time.
Incidence
57
**EPIDEMIOLOGY**
Refers to when **two or more** disorders **occur together** in the same person.
Comorbidity
58
**APPLICATION**
**Prognosis in Prolonged Grief Disorder**
**Patient:** Vlad Dracula Tepes, 400 years old, diagnosed with Prolonged Grief Disorder
**Treatment Plan:** Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
**Response to Treatment:** Negative -- symptoms have significantly worsened. Patient continues to harbor severe bitterness and anger towards humanity over the death of his wife.
**Support System:** Nonexistent familial support (attempted to kill his son) or otherwise, no history of other mental health conditions.
**What is the prognosis?** | *Provide a note on your own regarding the patient to serve as practice.*
**Prognosis:** Poor
59
**APPLICATION**
**Prognosis in Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)**
**Patient:** Sypha Belnades, 21 years old, diagnosed with PTSD
**Treatment Plan:** Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Group Therapy
**Response to Treatment:** Positive -- symptoms began improving within 4 weeks.
**Support System:** Strong family and relationship support, no history of other mental health conditions.
**What is the prognosis?** | *Provide a note on your own regarding the patient to serve as practice.*
**Prognosis:** Good
60
**PROGRESSION of MENTAL HEALTH CONDITIONS**
A course wherein symptoms remain relatively stable over time **without** significant fluctuations.
Continuous Course
61
**PROGRESSION of MENTAL HEALTH CONDITIONS**
Symptoms **gradually worsen** over time.
Progressive Course
62
**PROGRESSION of MENTAL HEALTH CONDITIONS**
Symptoms **remain unchanged** over time.
Static Course
63
**PROGRESSION of MENTAL HEALTH CONDITIONS**
Symptoms occur in **distinct episodes** with periods of stability in between.
Episodic Course
64
**PROGRESSION of MENTAL HEALTH CONDITIONS**
Generalized Anxiety Disorder often follows a/an ______ ____, where anxiety systems are **persistent** and **chronic**.
Continuous Course
65
**PROGRESSION of MENTAL HEALTH CONDITIONS**
Alzheimer's Disease follows a/an _________ ____, where cognitive functions such as memory and reasoning progressively decline, leading to increased impairment and dependency on others.
Progressive Course
66
**PROGRESSION of MENTAL HEALTH CONDITIONS**
Intellectual Disability often has a/an _____ ____, where the level of cognitive impairment remains **relatively stable** throughout the individual's life **without significant progression or regression**.
Static Course
67
**PROGRESSION of MENTAL HEALTH CONDITIONS**
Major Depressive Disorder often follows a/an ______ ____, where individuals experience episodes of depression followed by periods of remission.
Episodic Course
68
**PROGRESSION of MENTAL HEALTH CONDITIONS**
Bipolar Disorder often follows a/an _______ _____, with **alternating** episodes of mania (high energy and mood) and depression (low energy and mood).
Waxing and Waning Course
69
A principle wherein there are **multiple predictors** but only **one outcome**.
Equifinality
70
A principle wherein there is only **one predictor** but **multiple outcomes**.
Multifinality
71
**APPLICATION of EQUIFINALITY and MULTIFINALITY**
A soldier watches his comrades die in war, returning home after the war is lost. Before being discharged, a psychological evaluation reveals he has developed Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, insomnia, Major Depressive Disorder, and a dependency on alcohol as his coping mechanism.
**This is an example of which principle?**
Multifinality
72
**APPLICATION of EQUIFINALITY and MULTIFINALITY**
A bank teller recounts to his therapist a recent traumatic experience. He tells her of the moment a car crashed into the entrance of the bank, the moment gunmen exited the car and threatened him to open the vault, and the hostage situation he and several others had to undergo -- stating that the event keeps him up at night and makes him unable to function daily.
His therapist diagnosed him with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.
**This is an example of which principle?**
Equifinality
73
This model helps in understanding the factors contributing to the development and maintenance of mental health conditions.
**4Ps Model**
74
**ENUMERATION**
What are the **4Ps** under the **4Ps Model**?
1. Predisposing Factors
2. Precipitating Factors
3. Perpetuating Factors
4. Protective Factors
75
**4Ps MODEL**
These are **immediate events or triggers** that lead to the onset of symptoms.
Precipitating Factors
76
**4Ps MODEL**
These are factors that **maintain or prolong** the symptoms of a mental health condition.
Perpetuating Factors
77
**4Ps MODEL**
These are factors that **reduce** the likelihood of a mental health condition or mitigate its severity.
Protective Factors
78
**4Ps MODEL**
These are **risk factors** that increase an individual's **vulnerability** to developing a mental health condition.
Predisposing Factors
79
**4Ps MODEL**
Examples under these factors include ***genetic predisposition, early childhood experiences*** and ***personality traits***.
Predisposing Factors
80
**4Ps MODEL**
Examples under these factors include ***ongoing stress, maladaptive coping mechanisms*** and a ***lack of social support***.
Perpetuating Factors
81
**4Ps MODEL**
Examples under these factors include ***strong social support, effective coping strategies*** and a ***stable environment***.
Protective Factors
82
**4Ps MODEL**
Examples under these factors include ***stressful life events, trauma,*** or ***significant changes in one's life***.
Precipitating Factors
