Week 1 - PH and PH appraches

Question 1

What is public health

Answer 1

A multidisciplinary field whose goal is to promote the health the population through organized community efforts

Question 2

What are the 3 focuses of public health

Answer 2

Preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health though organized community efforts

Question 3

What is WHOs definition of health

Answer 3

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or injury

Question 4

What are the 6 ways the approach of public health has changed over time

Answer 4

1. Emphasis of quality of life, not just prolonging it
2. New technologies
3. Evidence-based public health
4. Collaborative efforts
5. Public health problems viewed as part of larger health and social system
6. Focus on wide range of health issues

Question 5

What are the 6 eras of public health in order

Answer 5

Heath protection, hygiene movement, contagion control, filling holes in medical care system, health promotion/disease prevention, and population health

Question 6

What are the 4 components of public health

Answer 6

Health, populations, society wide concerns, and vulnerable groups

Question 7

What are the 2 approaches to address public health problems

Answer 7

High-risk approach and improving-the-average approach

Question 8

What is the most important factor influencing the causes of death and disability

Answer 8

Age

Question 9

What two factors determine the occurrence of disease, disability, and death

Answer 9

Contributory causes (immediate causes) and determinants (underlying factors)

Question 10

What are determinants of health

Answer 10

Any factor, whether event, characteristic, or other dehfinabe entity that brings about a change in a health condition

Question 11

What are 6 examples of determinants

Answer 11

Environment, infectious agents, medical care, genetics, social factors, and lifestyle choices

Question 12

What are 3 upstream impacts

Answer 12

Laws, policies, and regulations that create community conditions supporting health for all people

Question 13

What are 3 midstream impacts

Answer 13

Patient screening questions about social factors (housing, food access), using data to inform care and provide referrals, social workers, community heath workers, and community-based organizations providing direct support/assistance to meet patients social needs

Question 14

What 3 transitions in compositions of populations affect the pattern of disease

Answer 14

Demographic, epidemiological, and nutritional

Question 15

What is the demographic transition

Answer 15

The shift from a pattern of high fertility and high mortality to one of low fertility and low mortality

Question 16

What is the epidemiological transition

Answer 16

Shift from pattern of prevalent infectious diseases associated with malnutrition, periodic famine, and poor environmental sanitation to a pattern of prevalence chronic and degenerative diseases associated with urban-industrial lifestyles

Question 17

What does stage 1 of the demographic transition look like

Answer 17

High birth and death rates causing stable or slow increase in population

Question 18

What does stage 2 of the demographic transition look like

Answer 18

High birthrate and rapidly falling death rate causing rapid increase in population

Question 19

What does stage 3 of the demographic transition look like

Answer 19

Falling birth rate and slower falling death crease, slowing the increase in population

Question 20

What does stage 4 of the demographic transition look like

Answer 20

Low birth and death rates causing a falling and then stable increase in population

Question 21

What does stage 5 of the demographic transition look like

Answer 21

Birth rate unknown, low death rate, and little change in population

Question 22

What are the 5 stages of the epidemiological transition

Answer 22

1. Infectious and parasitic diseases
2. Receding pandemics
3. Degenerative and man-made diseases
4. Delayed degenerative diseases
5. Potential resurgence of infectious diseases due to globalization

Question 23

What is the nutritional transition

Answer 23

Modernization, urbanization, economic development, and increased wealth leading to shifts in diet and activity patterns