Week 1: PJ eating disorder Flashcards
What are the characteristics of a binge eating disorder?
Recurrent binge eating on a regulat basis without compensatory behaviour.
Feeling of loss of control.
Individuals experience temporary relief from emotion distress, followed by feeling of self-loathing and shame
Is not associated with a specific weight but can cause weight gain
How does a binge episode normally present?
Eating very rapidly
Eating beyond fullness
Over a short time span
May be planned or unplanned
Typically consumption of more than 1,000 calories in one go.
What is the emotional link to binge eating?
Coping mechanism
Describe feeling zoned out or lack of control making unaware or unable to stop eating.
Episode often followed by intense emotional turmoil including guilt that can affect concentration and behaviour elsewhere
What is OSFED?
Other specified feeding and eating disorders is when a person experiences abnormal eating behaviours that do not meet the full criteria for other diagnosis
What are some typical signs of OFSED?
Difficulty eating infront of others
Preoccupation with food
Low self confidence and self esteem
negative body image
irritability and mood swings
Social withdrawl
Feelings of guilt, shame and anxiety
Secretive behviour around food
What are some examples of OSFED?
Atypical anorexia - normal BMI
Bulimia nervosa of low frequency and or limited duration of binge purge cycle
Binge eating disorder of low frequency and limited duration
Purging disorder
Night eating syndomre - eats repeatedly at night either walking up or heavily after their evening meals
What is ARFID?
Avoidant restrictive food intake disorders are not motivated by perception or weight or body shape
May have a lack of interest in eating, fear of choking whilst eating or not liking the taste or texture of certain foods/food groups
May have heightened emotional arousal or distractions, or low hunger cues.
What groups of people are more likely to be diagnosed with AFRID?
Children
Autistic
ADHD
Anxiety disorders
What is PICA?
An illness that involves eating non-nutritive/non-food substances regularly.
What is rumination regurgiation disorder?
Involves reptitive habitual brining up of swallwed food that may be partly digested to be re-chewed/swallowed or spat out
Occurs several times a week.
Person may find relief in this behaviour.
Often occurs in secrete and causes emotions like guilt and shame.
What is important for people to understand about recovery from eating disorders?
Recovery is possible
However, it is not often linear and patients often suffer from relapses and lapses.
This is important for patients and their support system to understand.
Why can recovery be diffcult for people with eating disorders?
Behaviour may be long term hence entrenched by learning theories
Behaviour often serves a purpose for the person, this can be frightening for them to stop.
What are the stages in the cycle of change?
Pre-contemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Relapse
What are the typicall thoughts of someone with an eating disorder in the pre-contemplation stage?
Denial of illness
Resistance to treatment
Believe they are less ill than others - therefore are not deserving of treatment
How may the contemplation stage of change present in those with an eating disorder?
Want to make a change but lack of self belief
Changes between actions and agreed to behaviour
What is the positive loop of eating disorders?
Chicken and the egg of brain changes
Stress - cope with stress by avoidance (ignoring hunger pain), starvation is used as a coping strategy
Brain structure diminishes and self regulatory function diminishes
Reinforces starvation behaviour as coping ability is impaired leading to greater response to threat through reinforced starvation behaviour
How does malnutrition affect behaviour?
Anxiety, intense negative emotions increase
Numbing of negative and positive emotions
What are the risks for mortality from eating disorders?
In anorexia nervosa 4/5 deaths are due to cardiovascular mortality and 1/5 deaths is by suicide
Other risks:
Severly underweight
Chronic hypokalaemia
Changes in ECG
Chronically low serum albumin
How do emotions lead to eating disorders?
Big emotions
Eating disorder - provides short term relief
Maladaptive - issue is still there, combined with guilt and shame
More overwhelmed with emotion
Reinforces eating disorder behaviour
What is the first area of the brain for people with anorexia nervosa to be affected?
The forebrain
Contains the self-regulatory system, responsible for rational thinking and regulating thoughts and behaviour
What capacities diminish due to damage to the self-regulatory centre in the brain?
Understanding social situations and clues
Emotional regulation - results in volatie behaviour
Decision making
Ability to plan
What capacities are increased due to damage to the self-regulatory centre in the forebrain?
Compulsive behaviour
Avoidance
Increased alerteness or reaction to threat
Sensitivity to punishment (believe more likley to be punished or fall short)
What are the signals in the brain before/ after eating with an eating disorder?
Healthy individuals: feel discomfort when hungry and pleasure after eating
In eating disorders: this is reversed, feel more pleasure with prolonged periods of not eating and can feel upset or uncomfortable after eating.
Not sure if this is a consequence or a precursor to the eating disorder
