WEEK 1: Plasma Membrane pt 2

Question 1

Secondary Active transport AKA…

Answer 1

coupled transport

Question 2

coupled transport (secondary active transport)

Answer 2

uses energy released when molecule moves by diffusion to supply energy to active transport of a different molecule

• symporter

Question 3

What kind of energy are gradients

Answer 3

stored energy (potential energy)

Question 4

SGLT

Answer 4

Sodium glucose co-transporter

• S glute

Question 5

what is SGLT protein responsible for?

Answer 5

• glucose absorption at the level of the small intestine
• glucose reabsorption at the level of the nephron
  (microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney)

Question 6

Bulk transport types

Answer 6

To transfer large molecules through the cell membrane

• Endocytosis
  engulf extracellular material
• Exocytosis
  cell expel material into the extracellular space
• REQUIRE ATP

Question 7

Bulk transport: Endocytosis 3 types

Answer 7

occurs when plasma membrane envelops food particles and liquids

• phago - cytosis
• pino - cytosis
• receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 8

Phagocytosis

Answer 8

to eat
- eats on dead cells

Question 9

WHEN I SAY …. Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Answer 9

• coated pit
  “Cathrin coated pit”

Question 10

5 categories of molecules that try to cross Cell Membrane

Answer 10

1. small non polar
   - O2, CO2
2. small polar molecules
   - H2O
3. large non polar molecules
   - Vitamin A
4. large polar charged ions
   - glucose
5. Highly polar charged ions
   - Na+ K+ Cl-
   - amino acids

Question 11

Bulk Transport
Exocytosis

Answer 11

expelling material outside of the cell

Question 12

gap junction

Answer 12

formed when 2 identical plasma membrane channels join

Ex. heart muscle & smooth muscle

Question 13

Extracellular Matrix

Answer 13

meshwork of polysaccharides and proteins

-collagen

Question 14

What does collagen give the matrix

Answer 14

-strength and elastin to give it resilience

Question 15

Fibronectin and Laminins

Answer 15

serve pivotal roles in basement membrane and stromal matrices

Question 16

Electrolyte Distribution

Answer 16

OUTSIDE to inside

• Plasma
• Extracellular Fluid w/ Capillaries
• Interstitial Fluid
• Cell membrane
• Intracellular Fluid

Question 17

What ion has the highest concentration INSIDE the plasma membrane?

Answer 17

Potassium

Question 18

What ion has the highest concentration OUTSIDE the plasma membrane?

Answer 18

Sodium

Question 19

Why are Electrochemical Gradient important for ions?

Answer 19

• electrochemical gradient are driving forces for ion movement against its gradient

Combination of 2 types
-concentration (chemical) gradient
-electrical field gradient

Question 20

2 types of gradients used for Electrochemical gradient?

Answer 20

• concentration (chemical)

-membrane potential (electrical)

Question 21

Electrochemical Gradient Characteristics

Answer 21

• Due to selective permeability
• difference in concentration of chemicals across membrane
• difference in distribution of charges across the membrane
• difference is the membrane potential

Question 22

What is the difference in distribution of charges across the membrane called?

Answer 22

Membrane potential

Question 23

What is membrane potential?

Answer 23

difference in electrical charge of the outside and inside of a cell

Question 24

What causes the difference in charge of the inside and outside of a cell membrane?

Answer 24

determined by the grouping of ions inside and outside of the cell

Question 25

What happens to sodium and chloride ions when a neuron is at rest?

Answer 25

More prevalent outside of the cell

Question 26

What is more prevalent inside of the cell when the neuron is at rest?

Answer 26

potassium ions organic anions

Question 27

What regulates the membrane potential?

Answer 27

Sodium potassium pump