week 1 (test 1)

Question 1

what is sleep?

Answer 1

• a complex neurobehavioral state
• reduced awareness of environment
• rapid reversibility
• regular recurrence

Question 2

neurological behaviors of sleep

Answer 2

• widespread change in cns
• predictable regional changes in neuronal firing rate
• widespread changes in systemic physiology

Question 3

what is the sleep cycle?

Answer 3

NREM and REM sleep

• alternate in 90-110 minute cycles
• typical night is 4-5 cycles

Question 4

5-step process of sleep

Answer 4

• stage 1=drifting off

- next 30-40 minutes the person cycles into stage 2-4, backtracks through 3 and 2 then into REM

Question 5

stage 1 (NREM)

Answer 5

• dozing stage
• ~5% of NREM sleep
• transitional period of very light sleep
• muscles and breathing relax but can be awakened easily

Question 6

stage 2 (NREM)

Answer 6

• official onset of consolidated sleep
• 45% of NREM sleep
• sleep spindes and k-complexes

Question 7

stage 3 (NREM)

Answer 7

• deep sleep
• 25% of NREM sleep
• brain activity primarily delta wave forms

Question 8

sleep spindle

Answer 8

pattern of eeg waves consisting of a burt of 11-15 hertz waves that last for .5-1.5 seconds

Question 9

k-complex

Answer 9

high voltage eeg activity that last more than .5 seconds

Question 10

rem sleep

Answer 10

• periodic eyelid fluttering, muscle paralysis, irregular breathing, body temp, heart rate and blood pressure
• brain activity is similar to awake state
• 20-25% of sleep cycle

Question 11

what determines when we sleep

Answer 11

• homeostatic regulation

- circadian rhythm

Question 12

homeostasis

Answer 12

sleep pressure function of wake:sleep

Question 13

circadian rhythm

Answer 13

biological clock:: cycles ~24 hours

Question 14

actigraphy

Answer 14

motion-sensitive accelerometer worn on wrist

Question 15

polysomnography (PSG)

Answer 15

modification of eeg

• eye movements
• muscle tone

Question 16

pros of self reporting sleep

Answer 16

• moderate participant burden
• low cost
• valid for many dimensions of sleep

Question 17

cons of self reporting sleep

Answer 17

• bias (affect, recency, telescoping, memory)

Question 18

pros of actigraphy

Answer 18

• moderate participant burden
• moderate cost
• valid for many dimensions of sleep

Question 19

cons of actigraphy

Answer 19

• doesn’t really measure sleep

- dependent on correctly identifying sleep start and end

Question 20

pros of psg

Answer 20

• accurate identification of phenomena of interest
• increased options for quantifying phenomena of interest
• valid for most dimensions of sleep

Question 21

cons of psg

Answer 21

• high participant burden

- expensive

Question 22

5 types of brainwaves

Answer 22

• gamma
• beta
• alpha
• theta
• delta

Question 23

awake brainwaves

Answer 23

• low voltage, high frequency

- beta

Question 24

drowsy brainwaves

Answer 24

alpha

Question 25

stage 1 brainwaves

Answer 25

theta

Question 26

stage 2 brainwaves

Answer 26

- sleep spindles | - mixed eeg activity

Question 27

sws (3 & 4) brainwaves

Answer 27

delta

Question 28

rem brainwaves

Answer 28

low voltage, high frequency

Question 29

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Answer 29

- in the hypothalamus | - "clock"