WEEK 10-11 Flashcards
(73 cards)
1
Q
A survey is a research method where you collect and analyze data from a group of people. A questionnaire is a specific tool or instrument for collecting the data.
A
QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN
2
Q
A ________ is a research method where you collect and analyze data from a group of people.
A
survey
3
Q
A _____________ is a specific tool or instrument for collecting the data.
A
questionnaire
4
Q
QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN (LETTER OF INTENT)
__________ or the Data Privacy Act of 2012.
A
10173
5
Q
- a subset or some part, of a larger population
A
Sample
6
Q
- any complete group of entities that share some common set of characteristics
A
Population
7
Q
- an individual member of the population.
A
Population
8
Q
- an investigation of all the individual elements that make up the population.
A
Census
9
Q
every element is the population has a known, non-zero probability of selection.
A
PROBABILITY SAMPLING
10
Q
The ______________, in which each member of the population has an equal probability sample.
A
simple random sample
11
Q
- each population element has an equal chance of being chosen to participate in the research study.
A
Simple random sampling
12
Q
- a method that requires selecting samples based on a system of intervals in a numbered population.
A
Systematic sampling
13
Q
- a method of sampling that involves the division of a population into smaller groups known as strata.
A
Stratified sampling
14
Q
Stratified sampling- a method of sampling that involves the division of a population into smaller groups known as _______.
A
strata
15
Q
- a method of collecting data from a large population by dividing it into smaller groups, or clusters.
A
Cluster sampling
16
Q
the probability of any particular member of the population being chosen is unknown.
A
NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING
17
Q
The selection of sampling units in non-probability sampling is quite arbitrary, as researchers rely heavily on personal judgement.
A
NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING
18
Q
- It is used when researchers choose any willing and available individuals as participants.
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Convenience Sampling
19
Q
- with this method researchers choose the first participant to match the participant profile.
A
Snowballing
20
Q
- a technique that constructs sample subgroups reflecting their proportional representation in the population
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Quota sampling
21
Q
- it refers to intentionally selecting participants based on their characteristics, knowledge, or some other criteria.
A
Purposive sampling
22
Q
- An individual who is responsible for gathering data in the field.
A
FIELDWORK
23
Q
A research supplier that specializes in gathering data.
A
Field interviewing service
24
Q
A fieldworker who is employed by the company conduction the research.
A
In-house interviewer
25
The practice by fieldworkers of filling in fake answers or falsifying interviews.
INTERVIEWER CHEATING
26
a form of interviewer cheating in which an interviewer makes up the responses instead of conducting an actual interview.
Cub-stoning
27
It is the process of collecting and measuring information on specific variables. It’s done with the purpose of answering questions or testing hypotheses.
DATA COLLECTION
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researchers collect data directly from subjects through one-on-one interaction.
Face-to-face interviews
29
- usually consist of short, open-ended questions.
Qualitative questionnaires
30
- Collecting data through focus groups is similar to conducting interviews, except it’s done in a group setting.
Focus groups
31
- allows researchers to collect qualitative data by observing respondents in their natural setting.
Observation
32
- Researchers can conduct interviews in-person, online, or over the phone.
Interviews
33
- can also be collected through systematic observation
Quantitative observation
34
- a type of quantitative data collection method
which relies on manipulation of a single independent variable while maintaining control over a number of other, usually dependent, variables.
Experiments
35
is the process of collecting and measuring information on specific variables. It’s done with the purpose of answering questions or testing hypotheses.
Data collection
36
There are a variety of different data collection methods that researchers can use to gather data. While every method has its advantages and drawbacks, some methods are better suited for certain situations than others.
Data collection
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helps you make informed decisions.
For example, ______ can help you:
Data
38
The more relevant data you have, the more likely you’ll be able to make good decisions when it comes to managing various areas of your business.
Data
39
are the most common data collection method used in qualitative research. In face-to-face interviews, researchers collect data directly from subjects through one-on-one interaction
Face-to-face interviews
40
This type of data collection is personal and highly personalized. The interview itself is usually unstructured and informal.
Face-to-face interviews
41
Most questions used in the interview are spontaneous and unplanned. They’re focused on getting an understanding of an individual’s perspectives and experiences.
Face-to-face interviews
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They can reveal respondents’ feelings, values, and beliefs. This type of approach is useful for getting a detailed understanding of the subject matter. However, it makes processing the collected data time-consuming and somewhat difficult.
Face-to-face interviews
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usually consist of short, open-ended questions. There are no predefined answers offered in these types of questionnaires. Instead, respondents are asked to provide detailed answers in their own words. This gives respondents much more flexibility and freedom in expressing their own opinions.
Qualitative questionnaires
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are highly useful for gathering data from a large number of respondents.
QUESTIONNAIRES OR QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
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in particular, make data collection very quick and easy.
Data collected from qualitative questionnaires can be difficult to analyze because there are no standard answer options. You also need to pay special attention to the number of questions you’re going to include.
Online questionnaires,
46
Open-ended questions can be very time consuming to answer. This makes it crucial that you don’t use too many questions in your survey and overwhelm respondents.
Open-ended questions
47
Collecting data through focus groups is similar to conducting ______________, except it’s done in a group setting.
interviews
48
A ______________ needs to consist of a moderator and at least three people. At a maximum, it should include ten people.
focus group
49
All group members need to have something in common that’s related to the data you’re looking to gather.
50
When collecting data through ___________, you’ll need a moderator that will start a discussion on a particular topic.
Group members can then state their opinions on it as well as debate each other.
focus groups
51
The success of _____________ data collection depends heavily on the moderator’s capability to guide the discussion and control interactions within the group.
The nature the method allows researchers to get detailed and descriptive data on a particular topic.
focus group
52
allows researchers to collect qualitative data by observing respondents in their natural setting.
Observation
53
In qualitative ___________, researchers participate in the process. They immerse themselves in the setting along with respondents, all while taking notes.
observation
54
This type of observation involves the researcher being concealed during
the observation process.
Covert observation
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Respondents that participate in overt observation are aware that they’re being observed.
*Overt observation
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consist of a list of queries which respondents can answer by choosing the appropriate answer from a list of responses.
Quantitative surveys
57
Questions used in quantitative surveys are necessarily close-ended to ensure measurability.
Quantitative surveys
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They can either be categorical (e.g., yes/no questions) or interval/ratio questions (e.g., on a scale of 1 to 10). Quantitative survey questions need to be straightforward and easy to understand.
Quantitative surveys
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There should be no hint of ambiguity in these types of questions.
Quantitative surveys
60
________________are standardized, and their results can be used to make reliable generalizations.
Their findings can be presented in the form of charts and graphs, which makes them easier to understand.
Quantitative surveys
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__________________These surveys can be conducted online, in-person, or over the phone.
Out of these three methods, online surveys are certainly the easiest to conduct.
An_____________ can be hosted on your own website or with a third-party provider. The link to the survey can then be shared in a variety of places, including social media and email messaging.
- Quantitative surveys
- online survey
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_________ are another way to collect quantitative data. Researchers can conduct interviews in- person, online, or over the phone.
Interviews
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The benefit of conducting in-person interviews is that the researcher can easily clarify answers given by interviewees.
Interviews
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However, these types of __________ can be very time-consuming if working with a large sample size.
Interviews
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__________ conducted online or over the phone are very cost-effective. They allow researchers to interview a large number of respondents in a short period.
Interviews
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Quantitative data can also be collected through systematic observation.
Quantitative observation
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___________ is a very simple and affordable way of collecting data. However, since it relies on researchers’ senses, it can be unreliable.
Observation
68
The data gathered through ___________ can be biased due to researchers’ perception of people or situations involved with data collection.
observation
69
An __________ is a type of quantitative data collection method which relies on manipulation of a single independent variable while maintaining control over a number of other, usually dependent, variables.
experiment
70
The data gathered through __________ is most frequently used to analyze relationships and determine correlations.
experiments
71
These types of experiments take place in a controlled environment, with researchers having strict control over all the variables involved.
Laboratory experiments
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– Take place in a natural environment where full control of variables might not be available.
*Field experiments
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– In these types of experiments, researchers have no control over variables, and data is collected by letting variables occur naturally.
*Natural experiments
