WEEK 12 Flashcards
(24 cards)
According to_____________________, research data analysis is a process used by researchers for reducing data to a story and interpreting it to derive insights. The data analysis process helps in reducing a large chunk of data into smaller fragments, which makes sense.
LeCompte and Schensul
process used by researchers for reducing data to a story and interpreting it to derive insights.
Data Analysis
process helps in reducing a large chunk of data into smaller fragments, which makes sense.
Data Analysis
Three essential things take place during the data analysis process
- data organization. Summarization and categorization
- known method used for data reduction.
- Third and the last way is data analysis – researchers do it in both top-down or bottom-up fashion.
Marshall and Rossman, on the other hand, describe data analysis as a messy, ambiguous, and time-consuming, but a creative and fascinating process through which a mass of collected data is being brought to order, structure and meaning.
Data analysis
We can say that “the _____________________ is a process representing the application of deductive and inductive logic to the research and data analysis.”
data analysis and interpretation
Researchers rely heavily on ____ as they have a story to tell or problems to solve.
data
when we start to analyze the data It starts with a _______, and data is nothing but an answer to that question.
But, what if there is no question to ask?
Well! It is possible to explore data even without a problem – we call it “Data mining”
question
which often reveal some interesting patterns within the data that are worth exploring.
Irrelevant to the type of data, researchers explore, their mission, and audiences’ vision guide them to find the patterns to shape the story they want to tell.
Data Mining
One of the essential things expected from researchers while analyzing data is to stay _____ and remain _________ towards unexpected patterns, expressions, and results.
Remember, sometimes, __________ tells the most unforeseen yet exciting stories that were not expected at the time of initiating data analysis.
Therefore, rely on the data you have at hand and enjoy the journey of exploratory research.
open
unbiased
data analysis
Every kind of ______has a rare quality of describing things after assigning a specific value to it. For analysis, you need to organize these values, processed and presented in a given context, to make it useful.
Data
When the data presented has words and descriptions, then we call it ______________.
Although you can observe this data, it is subjective and harder to analyze data in research, especially for comparison.
Example: Quality data represents everything describing taste, experience, texture, or an opinion that is considered quality data. This type of data is usually collected through focus groups, personal interviews, or using open-ended questions in surveys.
Qualitative data:
: Any data expressed in numbers of numerical figures are called _________________.
This type of data can be distinguished into categories, grouped, measured, calculated, or ranked.
Example: questions such as age, rank, cost, length, weight, scores, etc. everything comes under this type of data.
You can present such data in graphical format, charts, or apply statistical analysis methods to this data. The (Outcomes Measurement Systems) OMS questionnaires in surveys are a significant source of collecting numeric data.
Quantitative data
: It is data presented in groups. However, an item included in the ______________ cannot belong to more than one group.
Example: A person responding to a survey by telling his living style, marital status, smoking habit, or drinking habit comes under the categorical data. A chi-square test is a standard method used to analyze this data.
Categorical data
research work a little differently from the numerical data as the quality data is made up of words, descriptions, images, objects, and sometimes symbols.
Getting insight from such complicated information is a complicated process. Hence it is typically used for exploratory research and data analysis.
Data analysis in qualitative data
Although there are several ways to find patterns in the textual information, a word based method is the most relied and widely used global technique for research and data analysis. Notably, the data analysis process in qualitative research is manual.
Here the researchers usually read the available data and find repetitive or commonly used words.
For example, while studying data collected from African countries to understand the most pressing issues people face, researchers might find “food” and “hunger” are the most commonly used words and will highlight them for further analysis.
Finding Patterns in the Qualitative Data
The keyword context is another widely used ________________. In this method, the researcher tries to understand the concept by analyzing the context in which the participants use a particular keyword.
For example, researchers conducting research and data analysis for studying the concept of ‘diabetes’ amongst respondents might analyze the context of when and how the respondent has used or referred to the word ‘diabetes.
word-based technique
The ______________ is also one of the highly recommended text analysis methods used to identify a quality data pattern. Compare and contrast is the widely used method under this technique to differentiate how a specific text is similar or different from each other.
For example: To find out the “importance of resident doctor in a company,” the collected data is divided into people who think it is necessary to hire a resident doctor and those who think it is unnecessary.
Compare and contrast is the best method that can be used to analyze the polls having single answer questions types.
scrutiny-based technique
__________ can be used to reduce the data pile and find patterns in it so that it becomes easier to connect data with theory.
Metaphors
is another technique used to split variables so that researchers can find more coherent descriptions and explanations from the enormous data.
Variable Partitioning
It is widely accepted and the most frequently employed technique for data analysis in research methodology. It can be used to analyze the documented information from text, images, and sometimes from the physical items. It depends on the research questions to predict when and where to use this method.
✓Content Analysis
This method is used to analyze content gathered from various sources such as personal interviews, field observation, and surveys. The majority of times, stories, or opinions
shared by people are focused on finding answers to the research questions.
Narrative Analysis
: Similar to narrative analysis, discourse analysis is used to analyze the interactions with people. Nevertheless, this particular method considers the social context under which or within which the communication between the researcher and respondent takes place. In addition to that, discourse analysis also focuses on the lifestyle and day-to-day environment while deriving any conclusion.
Discourse Analysis
: When you want to explain why a particular phenomenon happened, then using grounded theory for analyzing quality data is the best resort. Grounded theory is applied to study data about the host of similar cases occurring in different settings. When researchers are using this method, they might alter explanations or produce new ones until they arrive at some conclusion.
Grounded Theory
