WEEK 13 Flashcards
(53 cards)
The first stage in research and data analysis is to make it for the analysis so that the nominal data can be converted into something meaningful. Data preparation consists of the below phases.
Data preparation or preparing data for analysis
Data preparation consists of the below phases.
Phase I: Data Validation
Phase II: Data Editing
Phase III: Data Coding
is done to understand if the collected data sample is per the pre-set standards, or it is a biased data sample again divided into four different stages
phase 1: Data validation
in data preparation what kind of phase?
Fraud: To ensure an actual human being records each response to the survey or the questionnaire
Screening: To make sure each participant or respondent is selected or chosen in compliance with the research criteria
Procedure: To ensure ethical standards were maintained while collecting the data sample
Completeness: To ensure that the respondent has answered all the questions in an online survey. Else, the interviewer had asked all the questions devised in the questionnaire.
Phase I: Data Validation
More often, an extensive research data sample comes loaded with errors. Respondents sometimes fill in some fields incorrectly or sometimes skip them accidentally.
Data editing / Phase II: Data Editing
is a process wherein the researchers have to confirm that the provided data is free of such errors. They need to conduct necessary checks and outlier checks to edit the raw edit and make it ready for analysis.
Data editing / Phase II: Data Editing
If a survey is completed with a 1000 sample size, the researcher will create an age bracket to distinguish the respondents based on their age.
Thus, it becomes easier to analyze small data buckets rather than deal with the massive data pile.
Phase III: Data Coding
Out of all three, this is the most critical phase of data preparation associated with grouping and assigning values to the survey responses.
Phase III: Data Coding
After the data is prepared for analysis, researchers are open to using different research and data analysis methods to derive meaningful insights.
For sure, _______________ are the most favored to analyze numerical data.
The method is again classified into two groups.
First, ‘Descriptive Statistics’ used to describe data. Second, ‘Inferential statistics’ that helps in comparing the data.
Methods Used for Data Analysis in Quantitative Research
*Statistical techniques
This method is used to describe the basic features of versatile types of data in research. It presents the data in such a meaningful way that pattern in the data starts making sense.
Descriptive Statistics
Nevertheless, the ____________ does not go beyond making conclusions.
The conclusions are again based on the hypothesis researchers have formulated so far. Here are a few major types of descriptive analysis methods.
Descriptive Statistics
It is used to denote home often a particular event occurs.
Researchers use it when they want to showcase how often a response is given.
[Count, Percent, Frequency]
Measures of Frequency
The method is widely used to demonstrate distribution by various points.
Researchers use this method when they want to showcase the most commonly or averagely indicated response.
[Mean, Median, Mode]
Measures of Central Tendency
Here the field equals high/low points.
[Range, Variance, Standard deviation]
Measures of Dispersion or Variation
It is used to identify the spread of scores by stating intervals.
Researchers use this method to showcase data spread out.
It helps them identify the depth until which the data is spread out that it directly affects the mean. Measures of Position
Variance standard deviation = difference between the observed score and mean
It relies on standardized scores helping researchers to identify the relationship between different scores. It is often used when researchers want to compare scores with the average count.
Percentile ranks, Quartile ranks
For quantitative market research use of descriptive analysis often give absolute numbers, but the analysis is never sufficient to demonstrate the rationale behind those numbers.
Percentile ranks, Quartile ranks
Nevertheless, it is necessary to think of the best method for research and data analysis suiting your survey questionnaire and what story researchers want to tell.
For example, the mean is the best way to demonstrate the students’ average scores in schools. It is better to rely on the descriptive statistics when the researchers intend to keep the research or outcome limited to the provided sample without generalizing it. For example, when you want to compare average voting done in two different cities, differential statistics are enough.
Percentile ranks, Quartile ranks
is also called a ‘univariate analysis’ since it is commonly used to analyze a single variable.
Descriptive analysis
are used to make predictions about a larger population after research and data analysis of the representing population’s collected sample.
For example, you can ask some odd 100 audiences at a movie theater if they like the movie they are watching.
Researchers then use inferential statistics on the collected sample to reason that about 80-90% of people like the movie.
Inferential Statistics
Here are two significant areas of inferential statistics.
Estimating parameters
Hypothesis test
It takes statistics from the sample research data and demonstrates something about the population parameter.
Estimating parameters
It’s about sampling research data to answer the survey research questions.
For example, researchers might be interested to understand if the new shade of lipstick recently launched is good or not, or if the multivitamin capsules help children to perform better at games.
Hypothesis test
These are sophisticated analysis methods used to showcase the relationship between different variables instead of describing a single variable. It is often used when researchers want something beyond absolute numbers to understand the relationship between variables.
Hypothesis test
