WEEK 10

Question 1

What are the bones of the thoracic cage?

Answer 1

• 12 pairs of ribs
• Costal cartilages
• 12 thoracic vertebrae
• Sternum

Question 2

What are false ribs and how many pairs are there ?

Answer 2

• 7 faulse - Attach directly onto the sternum

Question 3

What are false ribs and how many are there?

Answer 3

• 3 false - attach to the sternum via the cartilage of rib 7

Question 4

what are floating ribs and how many are there?

Answer 4

• 2 floating - no attachment to the sternum

Question 5

What 3 parts is the sternum made up of?

Answer 5

• Manubrium - top
• Body - middle
• Xiphoid - bottom

Question 6

Where do the ribs attach posteriorly?

Answer 6

The vertebral column

Question 7

Where do the ribs attach anteriorly?

Answer 7

To the sternum via the costal cartilage

Question 8

Where does the tubercle of the rib articulate?

Answer 8

Transverse process of the corresponding vertebrae

Question 9

Where does the head of the rib articulate?

Answer 9

Vertebral body

Question 10

What is the joint of the sternum?

Answer 10

Manubriosternal joint

Question 11

Where is the Manubriosternal joint?

Answer 11

Between the manubrium of the sternum and the body of the sternum

Question 12

What type of joint it the Manubriosternal joint?t

Answer 12

Fibrocartilaginous joint - slightly moveable

Question 13

What are the 2 joints of the ribs?

Answer 13

Costochondral joints + Sternocostal joints

Question 14

Where are the Sternocostal joints?

Answer 14

Between the costal cartliages and the sternum

Question 15

Where are the Costochondral joints ?

Answer 15

Between the ribs and their costal cartilage

Question 16

What are the 2 joints of the thoracic cage?

Answer 16

Costovertebral + costotransverse

Question 17

What type of joints are the Costovertebral + costotransverse?

Answer 17

Synovial

Question 18

What are the articular surfaces of the Costovertebral joint?

Answer 18

• Head of the rib
• Facet of the body of the thoracic vertebrae

Question 19

what are the articular surfaces of the costotransverse joints?

Answer 19

• Tubercle of the rib
• Facet of the transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae

Question 20

What are the muscles of the thoracic cage?

Answer 20

• Diaphragm
• Intercostals (external, internal, innermost)

Question 21

What is the role of the diaphragm?

Answer 21

• Primary muscle of breathing
• Contracts and lowers, increasing the thoracic cavity volume, thereby drawing air in and aiding inspiration

Question 22

What nerve supplies the diaphragm?

Answer 22

• Phrenic nerve (arising from segements C3, 4, 5)

Question 23

What are the attachments of the diaphragm?

Answer 23

• Internal surface of the lower 6 ribs
• Anteriorly to the xiphloid process
• Posteriorly to the bodies of L1-3
• Fibres converge to insert into the central tendon

Question 24

What is the roles of the intercostals?

Answer 24

• Provides structure and support between the ribs
• Stiffens the space between the ribs
• Role in breathing + posture

Question 25

What is the role of the external intercostals?

Answer 25

- Assist with inspiration - When the muscles contract they shorten and lift the rib below to elevate the ribs

Question 26

What is the role of the internal intercostals?

Answer 26

- Assist with expiration - Run in the opposite direction to the external intercostal muscle - Pulls the ribs downwards – depresses ribs and forces air outwards

Question 27

Where do the external intercostals attach?

Answer 27

To the inferior boarder of the rib above to the superior boarder of the rib below

Question 28

Where do the internal intercostals attach?

Answer 28

- From the inferior of the boarder of the rib above to the superior boarder of the rib below