WEEK 8 Flashcards
(26 cards)
Classification of the ankle joint
Synovial, uniaxial, hinge
Movements produced by muscle location
- Behind the malleoli = Plantar flexion
- In-front of the malleoli = dorsiflexion
Lateral to ankle = Eversion
Medial to ankle = Inversion
Muscles situated on the anterior aspect of the leg
- Tibialis anterior
- Extensor hallucis longus
- Extensor digitorum longus
- Peroneus (fibularis) tertius
Muscles situated on the lateral aspect of the leg
- Peroneus (fibularis) longus
- Peroneus (fibularis) brevis
Muscles situated on the posterior superficial aspect of the leg
- Gastrocnemius
- Soleus
- Plantaris
Muscles situated on the posterior deep aspect of the leg
- Tibialis posterior
- Flexor digitorum longus
- Flexor hallucis longus
What are extrinsic muscles of the foot?
Originate in the leg or thigh, and insert in the foot
What are intrinsic muscles of the foot?
Originate and insert within the foot
Function of the intrinsic muscles of the foot
- Smaller actions
-12 intrinsic foot muscles - Arch stabilisers
- Movers of the toes
Plantar surface muscles
-4 layers deep – although work together
- Adduct the toes and stabilise the arch
Dorsal (superior surface) muscles
-2 dorsal surface muscles
- Abduct and extend the toes
What is the retinacula? (accessory structure of the foot)
- Strong fibrous bands of connective tissue
- Encase tendons and hold them in place
- Improve strength = act like a pulley system
Tendon sheath
- Double layer of synovial membrane
- Surrounds tendons as they pass under retinacula
- Facilitates the sliding of tendons
- Reduces friction
Plantar aponeurosis
Thick fibrous central facia running from the calcaneal tuberosity to the base of the metatarsals – gives it a triangular shape
- Some of the thickest facia in the body
- Sits immediately under the skin
- Binds and protects the skin of the foot
- Provides an attachment site for muscles
- Primary structure that maintains arches of the foot
How much time is spent in the stance phase of gait?
Foot on ground - 60% of time
How much time is spent in the swing phase of gait?
Foot off ground - 40% of time
Order of phases of gait
STANCE PHASE
1. Initial contact
2. loading response
3. Mid stance
4. Terminal stance
5. Pre swing
SWING PHASE
6. initial swing
7. Mid swing
8. Terminal swing
What are the spinal nerves and how many are there?
Nerves that emerge from the spinal cord
31 pairs – numbered according to location
-8 cervical
-12 thoracic
-5 lumbar
-1 coccygeal
What is a plexus?
Plat or intertwining of nerves in the peripheral nervous system
- 2x that supply the lower limb
Lumbar plexus
-L1-4 - supplies the lower limb
Lumbosacral Plexus
-L4-5 and S1-3 - supplies the pelvis and lower limb
Femoral never - origin and motor function and sensory function
Lumbar plexus - L2-4
-Anterior thigh muscles
Saphenous nerve - origin and motor function and sensory function
Distal sensory branch of femoral nerve
- No motor function
-Medial aspect of thigh
Obturator nerve - origin and motor function and sensory function
Lumbar plexus - L2-4
- Medial thigh muscles
- Medial aspect of thigh
Saiatic nerve - origin and motor function and sensory function
Lubmosacral plexus - L4-S3
- Posterior thigh muscles
-
Tibial nerve - origin and motor function and sensory function
Lubmosacral plexus - L4-S3
- Posterior leg muscles
- Plantar intrinsic muscles
