WEEK 10 Flashcards
(16 cards)
why is it harder to complete a nordic exercise?
the hamstrings fall on the descending side of the force length curve and in terms of architecture the hamstrings typically produce more force when they increase in length.
what is the main mechanism of hamstring injuries or most muscles
when the hamstrings are lengthening at a high velocity with high force
what are the two ankle joints and what movements do they do each
1) ankle ( talocrural)
- hinge
- dorsi and plantar flexion
2) subtler
- inversion and eversion movements
- adduction and abduction
what are the major ankle muscles
gastrocnemius, coleus and planters insert onto the achilles. these muscles have by far the largest moment arm as flexors
describe the achilles tendon compliance
- improved contractile conditions
- decreased muscle fascicle concentric contraction velocity
describe acute compartment syndrome
def= an increase in intramuscular pressure
- impedes blood flow
- lower leg
- usually the anterior compartment
- the cause is largely unknown
describe medial tibial stress syndrome
common in the military, runners and sports that involve landing
- causes are not understood however possible traction
describe the ruptured achilles tendon (x3)
- common in stop/start sport
- forceful plantar flexion
- tendinopathy present, but absence of pain prior to injury
describe the lateral ankle sprain and what are the 2 inversion mechanisms
- affects the anterior talofibular
- affects the calcaneofibular
mechanism:
- subtler inversion
- ankle plantar flexion
describe the medial ankle sprain x3
- affects the deltoid ligament
- more than 10% of ankle sprains
- eversion
what are the four functions of the foot
1) base of support for stability in the stance position
2) absorbs the shock of the body weight and accommodates uneven terrain
3) absorbs rotation of limb segments above it during stance phasing when walking
4) acts as a lever during push off in walking becoming grid
describe supination of the foot (x3)
- inversion and adduction
- mid foot becomes rigid
-suitable for support
describe pronation (x3) in the foot
- eversion and abduction
- mid foot becomes flexible
- suitable for heel contact phases during a gait walk
what are the 5 arches of the foot
- medial longtidunal arch
- lateral longtidunal arch
anterior
posterior
intermediate
posterior
what are the two reasons for an arch in the foot
- engineered for foot bearing
- impact on nerve and blood vessels
what are the four factors for a longtidunal arch and describe them
1) formed by passive elements:
- calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms and the 3 medial metatarsals
- the plantar fascia
2) formed by active elements:
- intrinsic muscles of the foot and tibia’s posterior
3) passive elements bear most static loads
4) active elements share the load during movements
