WEEK 11 FUNCTIONAL ANAT Flashcards
(21 cards)
what are the 4 sections the vertebral column consist of
1) cervical vertebrae
2) thoracic vertebrae
3) lumbar vertebrae
4) sacrum
identify the landmarks of a vertebra
- transverse process
- spinous process
- laminae
- costal facet
- superior costal facet
- body
- costovertebral joint
- superior articular joint
- costo transervse joint
what are the four ligaments of the vertebrae
1) anterior longitudinal ligament
2) posterior longitudinal ligament
3) supraspinos ligament
4) interspinous ligament
describe the IV disc components ( x2)
- the nucleus is encased in the multiple layers of the annulus fibrosis
- the fibres within each layer of the annulus are oriented in different directions. half of them is slackened and half tighten when intervertebral joints rotate
what are the 2 myths or misconceptions with imaging and back pain
1) imaging finding in people without backspin
2) abnormalities of the spine are norma and are not the cause of back pain in many causes
what are the five factors that occur with the spine and ageing
- vertebral body strength decreases
- annulus fibrosis
- shock absorption decreases
- water content in discs decreases
- decrease in opening at the intervertebral column
define spondylolisthesis
forward movement of one vertebrae in relation to one below usually in the lumbar area
describe the erector spinae muscle (x2)
- most superficial of the trunk extensor muscles
- all are trunk primarily extensors with the secondary role of lateral flexion and rotation. those furtherst from the spine have a greater role in lateral flexion .
describe the quadratus lumborum muscle (x2)
- a lateral flexor and extensor of the lumbar spine
- responsible for ‘hip hiking’
describe the trunk flexor, rotator and lateral flexors role
primarily a trunk flexor with the secondary role in lateral trunk flexion
describe obliques, internes abdominus role
right external and left internal act together in rotation to the left
describe the transverse abdominus
1) has no actions
2) increase intra- abdominal pressure to stabilise the trunk or compress the abdominal cavity
what are the 6 trunk muscles as mobilisers
1) pectorals major
2) serrates anterior
3) oblique externes abdominus
4) transverse abdominus
5) rectus abdominus
6) obliques internes abdominus
what are the 4 trunk muscles as stabilisers
1) obliques externes abdominus
2) transverse abdominus
3) rectus abdominus
4) psoas major
define stability in the trunk
the capacity of the trunk to maintain a static posture in the face of destabilising external forces/ torques
what is the importance of the trunk stabilisers (x5)
1- transferring force
2- erector spinae prevents flexion during lifting
3- obliques, quadrants lumborum and erector spinae prevent lateral flexion when carrying loads unilaterally
4- rectus and obliques prevent trunk hyperextension when carrying a backpack, doing pushups
5- rectus and obliques préventing trunk rotation hyperextension when carrying a back pack
describe the silent period during trunk flexion
- when lifting relatively light loads the superficial erector spinae becomes electrically silent (no EMG) in positions of near full hip flexion
- conventional ‘wisdom’ suggests that passive structures bear all the loads during silence
- this ignores the potential role of relaxed muscles - remember the passive portion of the f1 curve
what are the four disc risks
1) losing the neutral spine under loading
2) repetitive cycles of spinal flexion
3) long durations of spinal flexion
4) coactivaiton of trunk muscles
what are the four factors that reduce the risk of disc injuries
1) do not load the spine shortly after sitting ‘
2) rising from bed
3) take Care with exercise order
4) strength is less important than endurance
describe ‘Swiss ball fever’ ( x3)
- increased disc pressure
- limb muscle activation declines
- training deep trunk muscles and limbs simultaneously
what are the 5 trunk postural abnormalities
- forward head poke
- kyphosis ( dowagers hump)
- lumbar lordosis
