Week 10 Flashcards
(34 cards)
What are the parts of the basal ganglia?
caudate nucleus putamen globus pallidus claustrum amygdaloid nucleus
What is the striatum?
the caudate nucleus and the putamen
What is the lenticular nucleus?
putamen and the globus pallidus
Where is noradrenaline produced?
the pons
Where is noradrenaline stored?
brainstem
What does a decreased amount of noradrenaline associate with?
tremors
Where is dopamine produced?
substantia nigra
What does a decreased amount of dopamine associated with?
hypokinesia/Parkinson’s
mask-like affect
What does an increased amount of dopamine associated with?
hyperactivity/dyskinesia
Where is ACh secreted?
Basal forebrain
Brainstem
Myoneural junctions
Where is ACh released?
Throughout the brain
- The primary neurotransmitter of PNS
- The important neurotransmitter of the CNS
What does ACh facilitate?
Neural firing
Changes in cognition occur in about ____ of patients with hypokinetic dysarthria?
Half (1/2)
What is the function of the indirect system?
Posture and tone
Facilitation of all movement and freedom of movement
Changing posture and locomotion
Flexion of limbs
Coordinates conflict of flexion and extension
What are the effects of the chest/respiration in hypokinetic dysarthria?
Inflexible Rapid shallow cycles/paused between cycles Wastage of air before speaking Decreased VC Reduced loudness Short breath groups Fading at end of sentences Speaking on residual air
What are the effects of the larynx/phonation in hypokinetic dysarthria?
No pathology/ VF bowing Rigidity Decreased strength Laryngeal tremor Breathiness Roughness Low pitch Monopitch/monoloud Reduced stress
What are the effects of the velopharynx/resonance in hypokinetic dysarthria?
no changes
What are the effects of the lips/tongue/jaw and articulation in hypokinetic dysarthria?
Variable rate Accerlate at end of phrases Decreased ROM Resting tremors Imprecise movements Reduced force High tone Palilalia Omissions of sounds
What are the effects of AMR/SMR and MPT in hypokinetic dysarthria?
Fast, slow or both, imprecise consonants
Short, breathy and rough
What does the early stage of hypokinetic dysarthria (and other progressive diseases) look like?
Identification and differential diagnosis Maintanance and prevention SLP treatment (educational, counceling, behavioral)
What does the middle stage of hypokinetic dysarthria (and other progressive diseases) look like?
SLP treatment (counseling and behavioral)
What does the late state of hypokinetic dysarthria (and other progressive diseases) look like?
SLP Treatment (AAC, maintenance, counseling/resources)
Paucity of speech
Social isolation
What is a treatment for hypokinetic dysarthria that has a negative effect on speech and swallowing symptoms?
Deep brain stimulation
- improves general motor function
What is degenerating in the cause of hypokinetic dysarthria?
Substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, basal ganglia
