Week 10 Cardiovascular

Question 1

Compliance

Answer 1

The “stretch ability” of the myocardial walls

Question 2

Elasticity

Answer 2

The ability of the myocardial wall to returned its original shape “SnapBack”

Question 3

Contractility

Answer 3

The force of the contraction generated By the myocardium

Question 4

Ischemia

Answer 4

Tissue doesn’t get blood flow

Question 5

Hypertrophy

Answer 5

Enlargement of the heart

Question 6

Pericardial restriction

Answer 6

Heart can’t fill (expand)

Question 7

After load

Answer 7

The resistance of the system

Question 8

Wall stress

Answer 8

The amount of strength and stretch required of the heart to pump

Question 9

Stroke volume

Answer 9

The amount of blood ejected by the ventricles with each contraction

Question 10

Starlings law

Answer 10

The more the myocardial fibers are stretched the greater the force with which they snap back

Question 11

Cardiac output

Answer 11

Heart rate x stroke volume

Question 12

Baroreceptors

Answer 12

Receptors within the blood vessels that detects pressure in the heart.

Question 13

Chemoreceptors

Answer 13

Sense changes O2, CO2, and respond to changing heart and respiratory rate

Question 14

Vascular resistance

Answer 14

The pressure of the system is inversely proportional the the diameter of the lumen, given a constant volume

Question 15

What does ADH do?

Answer 15

Increased blood volume

Question 16

Hypertension

Answer 16

The consistent elevation of systemic evaluation of arterial BP above 120/80

Question 17

Orthostatic hypotension

Answer 17

Drop on BP from supine to upright position (at least 20 mmHg)

Question 18

Varicose veins

Answer 18

Dilated or tortuous veins that typically lead to venous insufficiency

Question 19

Varicose veins etiology

Answer 19

Long periods of standing, increased intraabominal pressure (pregnancy), prolonged pressure=valve incompetence

Question 20

Varicose veins S&S

Answer 20

Distended veins

Aching lower extremities edema

Question 21

Venous insufficiency

Answer 21

Chronic venous disease of the lower extremity cause by incompetent valves

Question 22

Primary hyperlipidemia cause

Answer 22

Genetic

Question 23

Secondary hyperlipidemia

Answer 23

Diabetes, thyroid disorders, renal disease, ETOH, obesity, diet, medications

Question 24

LDL

Answer 24

Bad cholesterol

Optimal <100 mg/dL

Question 25

HDL

Answer 25

Good cholesterol <40 is low >60 high

Question 26

Atherosclerosis

Answer 26

Artery thickening because of accumulation of fatty materials, plaque formation

Question 27

Fatty streaks

Answer 27

Think yellow lines in major arteries

Question 28

Fibrous atheroma

Answer 28

Develop from fatty streaks, clinical atherosclerosis, accumulation of infra/extracellular lipids, smooth muscles proliferation,

Question 29

Complicated atherosclerosis

Answer 29

Fibrous plaque breaks open producing hemorrhage, ulceration and scar tissue deposits

Question 30

Acute coronary stroke

Answer 30

Includes all types of ischemic heart disease

Question 31

Acute coronary syndrome S&S

Answer 31

Chest pain, pressure, crushing, radiating to the left arm, neck, and jaw

Question 32

Acute coronary syndrome treatment

Answer 32

Oxygen, ASS, nitrates,anti platelet, AC..

Question 33

Chronic stable angina

Answer 33

Chronic paroxysmal chest pain/pressure associated with cardiac ischemia from ASHD

Question 34

Variant angina

Answer 34

Vasopastic angina that occurs at rest, minimal exercise and at night

Question 35

Ineffective endocarditis

Answer 35

Bacterial on valve, destroy cardiac and valvular tissue | Most common in mitral and aortic valves

Question 36

Rheumatic fever

Answer 36

An immune mediated, multi system inflammatory disease after group A beta hemolytic strep Destroys the valves due to chronic under treated infection

Question 37

Mitral stenosis

Answer 37

Info please opening of valve

Question 38

Mitral insufficiency/regurgitation

Answer 38

“Leaky valve” due to RH, ruptured chordae, endocarditis

Question 39

Aortic valve stenosis

Answer 39

Valve does not open enough

Question 40

Acute pericarditis

Answer 40

Inflammation of pericardium

Question 41

Pericardial effusion

Answer 41

Accumulation of fluid in the pericardial cavity

Question 42

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 42

Thickening of ventricular septum causes impaired filling arrhythmia(one of most common cardiomyopathy)

Question 43

Congested heart failure

Answer 43

Cardiac dysfunction that results in inadequate perfusion of tissues

Question 44

Right side heart failure symptoms

Answer 44

``` Peripheral edema Ascites JVD Weight gain Decreased urine output Fatigue Tachycardia ```

Question 45

Left sided congested heart failure

Answer 45

``` Pulmonary edema Shortness of breath Pink frothy sputum Rales Orthopnea Weight gain fatigue ```

Question 46

Shock

Answer 46

Failure of circulatory system to deliver adequate supply of nutrients and oxygen to tissues

Question 47

Cardiogenic shock

Answer 47

Decrease cardiac output and evidence of tissue hypoxia in presence of adequate intravascar volume

Question 48

Hypovolemic shock

Answer 48

Caused by loss of blood blind by hemorrhage, dehydration, fluid shift (third spacing)

Question 49

Neurogenic/vasogenic shock

Answer 49

Massive vasodilation resulting from parasympathetic overstimulation or sympathetic under stimulation

Question 50

Anaphylactic shock

Answer 50

Massive vasodilation and peripheral pool resulting from histamine releases on allergic reaction

Question 51

Septic shock

Answer 51

Massive vasodilation and increased permeability of vessels with fluid volume shifts secondary to inflammatory vascular response

Question 52

Vasculitis

Answer 52

Inflammation of the blood vessels

Question 53

Parasympathetic

Answer 53

Decrease heart rate, BP and vasodilates

Question 54

Sympathetic system

Answer 54

Increase heart rate and vasoconstriction

Question 55

Clot in the legs goes where?

Answer 55

Lungs

Question 56

Clot in the heart goes to where?

Answer 56

Head

Question 57

Stenosis

Answer 57

Valve doesn’t open

Question 58

Regurgitation

Answer 58

Valve doesn’t close fully