WEEK 10 FEMALE PELVIC ORGANS FINISHED

Question 1

What is uterus latin for?

Answer 1

Womb

Question 2

What is cervic latin for?

Answer 2

Neck

Question 3

What is Vagina latin for?

Answer 3

Sheath

Question 4

What is Ovaries latin for?

Answer 4

Ovum meaning egg

Question 5

What is the size shape and function of the uterus?

Answer 5

Size:
8 x 5 x 3 cm

Function:
Site for reception, retention and nutrition of a fertilised ovum

Shape:
Flattened pear shape

Question 6

What are the 3 parts of the uterus?

Answer 6

Fundus, body, cervix

Question 7

Describe the fundus of the uterus:

Where is it? what is it covered with?

Answer 7

Base of the organ, furthest part from the opening
The region of the utters above where the fallopian tubes enter.
A coat of peritoneum covers the fundus and continues down over the from and back of the body of the uterus

Question 8

Describe the body of the uterus:

Shape, parts, what is it covered with? Where do the fallopian tubes enter? What are the surfaces called

Answer 8

Flattened posteriorly/anteriorly. Potential cavity where the anterior and posterior walls are usually in contact

Cavity - triangular in coronal plane, cleft shape in sagittal plane

Fallopian tubes enter at the cornu

The body is surrounded by the peritoneum which laterally becomes the broad ligament

Surfaces:

• anteriorly = vesicle surface
• posteriorly = intestinal surface

Question 9

What does the peritoneum become lateral to the body of the uterus?

Answer 9

The broad ligament

Question 10

What are the 2 pouches found in the female pelvis? Name them and describe where they are.
Do they contain anything?

Answer 10

Pouch of douglas/rectouterine pouch

• Between the rectum and the uterus.
• Contains sigmoid colon and ileum

Vesicouterine pouch

• between the uterus and the bladder.
• contains nothing

Question 11

What is the isthmus of the body of the uterus?

Answer 11

The lower 1/2cm of the body which is continuous with the cervix.

Question 12

What is the cervix?
What parts does it have?
What is the canal of the cervix also commonly called?
What is the external os? What is it level with?

Answer 12

The neck of the uterus

Has vaginal and supravaginal parts

The canal of the cervix is commonly called the internal os.

The external os is the opening of the cervix into the vagina. It is level with the ischial spines

Question 13

What is the arterial supply to the uterus?

What is the venous supply?

Answer 13

Arterial supply:
Uterine arteries plus ovarian arteries

Venous supply:
Uterine veins form a uterine venous plexus on each side of the cervix. They drain into the internal iliac veins.

Question 14

What is the innervation of the uterus?

Answer 14

Uterovaginal plexus from the inferior hypogastric plexus

SNS = T12-L1/2
PNS = S2-S4

Question 15

What are the 3 layers of the uterus?

Answer 15

Perimetrium: outermost layer, thin visceral peritoneum

Myometrium: thick muscular walls, consisting of 3 ill-defined layers containing bundles of long, circular and spiral orientated fibres.

Endometrium - mucosal lining

Question 16

What are the ligaments of the uterus?

Answer 16

Broad ligament
Round ligament
Suspensory ligament

Question 17

What is the broad ligament of the uterus?
What ligaments does it form?
What are its functions?

Answer 17

Double layer of peritoneum that extends from the sides of the uterus to the lateral walls and floor of the pelvis.

Laterally forms the suspensory ligament

Functions:

• Provides passage for the ovarian vessels, nerves and lymphatics
• Keeps uterus in position.

Question 18

What is the round ligament? Where does it attach?

Answer 18

Attaches anteroinferiorly to the junction of the uterine tubes and uterus. Exits the pelvis and passes through the inguinal canal to attach on to the skin of the labia majora.

Question 19

What is the vagina? How long is it? Where is it situated? What does it extend between?

Answer 19

A muscular membranous tube

7-9 cm long

Upper half lies above the pelvic floor, lower half lies within the peritoneum

Lies between the urethra/ bladder anteriorly and the anal canal, rectum and rectouterine pouch posteriorly. Lies between the levator ani muscles and visceral pelvic fascia and ureters.

Extends between the vestibule and the cervix.

Question 20

What is the vaginal fornix? What parts does it have?

Answer 20

The recess around the cervix in the vagina. It has anterior, posterior and lateral parts

Question 21

What are the 4 muscles that compress the vagina?

Answer 21

Pubovaginalis (part of pubococcygeus)
External urethra sphincter
Urethrovaginal sphincter
Bulbospongiosus

Question 22

What is the function of the vagina? (4)

Answer 22

Communicates superiorly with the cervical canal and inferiorly with the vestibule of the vagina

Serves as an excretory duct for menstrual fluid

Forms the inferior part of the pelvic canal

Receives the penis and ejaculate during sexual intercourse

Question 23

What is the arterial supply to the vagina? What is the venous drainage of the vagina?

Answer 23

Vaginal arteries

Vaginal veins form the vaginal venous plexus along side the vagina and within the vaginal mucosa

The veins are continuous with the uterine venous plexus as the uterovaginal venous plexus and drain into the internal iliac veins via the uterine vein

Question 24

What is that innervation of the vagina?

Answer 24

Superior 3/4 = Visceral in terms of innervation

• Nerves to this region are derived from the uterovaginal plexus, from the Inferior Hypogastric plexus.
• SNS - Inferior hypogastric plexus
• PNS - S2-S4

Inferior 1/4 = pudendal nerve (S2,S3,S4)

Question 25

What are the 3 names for the fallopian tubes?

Answer 25

Fallopian tubes Uterine Tubes Salpinges

Question 26

How long are the fallopian tubes? Where is the tube found in relation to the broad ligament?

Answer 26

10 cm long, with 1cm embedded in the uterine wall Found in the upper free margin of the broad ligament

Question 27

What is the function of the fallopian tubes?

Answer 27

Pathway for sperm to reach ovum. | Nourishment for fertilised ovum and transport of it to the uterus.

Question 28

What are the 4 parts of the fallopian tube? What are some features of each?

Answer 28

Infundibulum - laterally is open, has projections called fimbriae, one of which is attached to the ovary. Ampulla - where the ovum is fertilised by the sperm Isthmus - Narrow area which is thick walled as the fallopian tubes enters the uterus Uterine - short segment of the tube which is passing through the uterine wall and opens through the uterine ostium (opening) into the uterine cavity.

Question 29

What is the arterial supply to the fallopian tubes? | What is the venous supply to the fallopian tubes?

Answer 29

Anastomosing branches from the uterine and ovarian arteries. Drain into the ovarian veins and uterine venous plexus, which then drains into the internal iliac vein.

Question 30

What is the innervation of the fallopian tubes?

Answer 30

SNS = T11 - L1 PNS = S2 - S4 (inferior hypogastric plexus)

Question 31

What is the structure of the fallopian tubes?

Answer 31

Muscular walls with smooth muscle. Longitudinal layers and circular layers, lined with ciliated simple columnar epithelium to help propel the ovum. Also has non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium (produces fluid which helps to nourish and protect the travelling ovum)

Question 32

What shape are ovaries? What size are they? What is their function? and where do they lie?

Answer 32

Almond shapes 3.5cm long, 2cm wide, 1cm thick Produces the ovum and hormones, oestrogen and progesterone. It lies in a shallow fossa in the angle between the internal and external iliac vessel on the obturator nerve.

Question 33

Where do the ovaries attach?

Answer 33

Attached to the back of the broad ligament by the mesovarium, a specialised posterior extension of the broad ligament. Attached distally to the lateral wall of the pelvis by the suspensory ligament Attached to the uterus by the ligament of the ovary, a mass of smooth muscle and fibrous tissue found between the 2 layers of the peritoneum, continuous with the round ligament.

Question 34

Which ligament to the ovaries also conveys ovarian vessels, lymphatics and nerves to the from the ovaries?

Answer 34

The suspensory ligament

Question 35

Which ligament of the ovary is continuous of the round ligament of the uterus

Answer 35

The ligament of the ovary

Question 36

What are the ovaries covered by?

Answer 36

A thin fibrous capsule called the tunica albuginea

Question 37

What is the arterial supply of the ovaries? | What is the venous supply to the ovaries?

Answer 37

Ovarian arteries which arise from the abdo aorta. These can anastomose with the uterine arteries Left ovarian vein drains into left renal vein, while the right ovarian vein drains into the inferior vena cava.

Question 38

What is the innervation of the ovaries?

Answer 38

Ovarian plexus: SNS = T9 - T11 PNS = CN X