WEEK 5 LUNGS FINISHED

Question 1

What separates the lungs?

Answer 1

The mediastinum

Question 2

What surrounds each lung?

Answer 2

Pleura

Question 3

What is the outer layer of the pleura

Answer 3

The parietal layer

Question 4

What is the inner layer of the pleura?

Answer 4

The visceral layer

Question 5

Where does the 2 layers of the pleura become continuous?

Answer 5

At the root of the lung

Question 6

Features of the right lung?

Answer 6

Heavier
Larger
Shorter
Wider
Anterior margin is relatively straight

Question 7

How many lobes on the right and what are they?

Answer 7

Superior lobe
(Horizontal fissure)
Middle Lobe
(Oblique fissure)
Lower lobe

Question 8

How many lobes on the left and what are they?

Answer 8

Superior lobe
(Oblique fissure)
Lower lobe

Question 9

Where is the apex of the lungs?

Answer 9

Superior end, convex in shape

Question 10

What are the 3 surfaces of the lungs? Describe them

Answer 10

Costal surface - adjacent to the sternum, costal cartilages and ribs
Mediastinal surface - relates to the mediastinum and vertebra and includes the hilum
Diaphragmatic surface - rests on the convex dome of the diaphragm

Question 11

Costal surface of the lungs

Answer 11

Large, smooth, convex

Adjacent to sternum and costal cartilage and ribs

Question 12

Mediastinal surface of the lungs

Answer 12

Concave
Relates to the mediastinum containing the heart etc
Has a pericardial concavity

Question 13

What is found on the mediastinal surface of each lung?

Answer 13

The Hilum

Question 14

What enter and exit the lungs through the hilum?

Answer 14

Main bronchus
Pulmonary vessels
Bronchial vessels
Lymphatic vessels
Nerves

Question 15

What is the root of the lung?

Answer 15

Formed by the structures of the lung
= the region of the mediastinum where the lung is connected to the trachea and heart
Is enclosed within the pleural sleeve

Question 16

What is the groove in the right lung for?

Answer 16

The oesophagus

Question 17

Is there a cardiac impression in the right lung?

Answer 17

Yes, a shallow one

Question 18

What is the big impression in the left lung from?

Answer 18

The cardiac area

Question 19

What is the groove in the left lung for?

Answer 19

The aortic arch and descending aorta

Question 20

What are the 3 borders of the lungs?

Answer 20

Anterior
Inferior
Posterior

Question 21

Anterior border of the lungs

Answer 21

Where the costal surface meets the mediastinal surface anteriorly

Question 22

Inferior border of the lungs

Answer 22

Where the diaphragmatic surface meets the costal surface and the mediastinal surface

Question 23

Posterior border of the lungs

Answer 23

Where the mediastinal surface meets the costal surface posteriorly

Question 24

What is the arterial supply for the lungs? Veins?

Answer 24

Pulmonary arteries, left and right
- Arise from the pulmonary trunk at the same level of the sternal angle
- poorly oxygenated blood
- contribute to the root of the lung
- give off their first branch to the superior lobe before entering the hilum
- within the lung further divide into lobar and segmental branches
- the arteries and bronchi are paired in the lung
- they branch simultaneously
and run parallel courses

Question 25

Bronchial arteries

Answer 25

• Supply the structures comprising the root of the lungs, the supporting tissues of the lungs, visceral pleura • Left bronchial arteries arise from the left thoracic aorta (usually 2) • Single right bronchial artery arises from one of the following - directly off the thoracic aorta - a superior posterior intercostal artery (us. 3rd posterior intercostal artery) - a common trunk with the left superior bronchial artery Picture- Clinically Orientated Anatomy, Moore (2010) • Get anastomosing between bronchial arteries and pulmonary arteries

Question 26

Bronchial veins

Answer 26

``` • Drainpartoftheblood supplied to the lungs by the bronchial arteries • Rt--> azygos vein • Lt --> accessary Bronchial veins azygos vein ```

Question 27

Pulmonary veins

Answer 27

* 2 on each side * Carry well oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart * Run independently to the arteries

Question 28

What is the nerve supply to the lungs

Answer 28

PNS - Vagus | Sympathetics T1-T6 (cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves)

Question 29

Where is the lower border of the lungs?

Answer 29

Anteriorly, midclavicular line (level of 6th rib) Midaxillary line (level of 8th rib) Posteriorly (level of 10th rib)

Question 30

Where is the pleura in relation to the lower border of the lungs?

Answer 30

2 spaces below

Question 31

Where is the hilum?

Answer 31

Behind 3rd/4th costal cartilages at the sternal margins, level with T5-T9 vertebra

Question 32

How to find the oblique tissues of the lungs?

Answer 32

SP of T3 to the 6th rib

Question 33

How to find the horizontal fissure?

Answer 33

Right 4th costal cartilage | Meets the oblique fissure in the mid axillary line