WEEK 2 LECTURE KIDNEYS FINISHED

Question 1

What does nephro mean?

Answer 1

Greek meaning kidneys

Question 2

What does renal mean?

Answer 2

Latin means kidneys

Question 3

What is the size of the kidneys

Answer 3

10x5x2.5

Question 4

How much do kidneys weigh?

Answer 4

130gm

Question 5

How much blood is processed by the kidneys per minute

Answer 5

1200ml

Question 6

What covers the anterior aspect of the kidneys

Answer 6

Parietal peritoneum

Question 7

Are they peritoneal or retroperitoneal

Answer 7

Retroperitoneal

Question 8

Where do the kidneys sit

Answer 8

B/w T12 and L3 in the paravertebral gutters

Question 9

Which kidney sits lowest?

Answer 9

The right (as the liver is sitting above it)

Question 10

How much can the kidneys move during respiration/

Answer 10

2cm

Question 11

What separates the kidneys

Answer 11

The renal fascia which surrounds the perinephric fat and extends as a dome over the superior pole and suprarenal gland.

Question 12

Where does the fascia of the anterior and posterior border of the kidneys fuse?

Answer 12

Lateral renal border (but not the medial border)

Question 13

What is a hilum?

Answer 13

An indentation in an organ where structures enter and leave the organ

Question 14

What is above the kidneys?

Answer 14

The diaphragm

Question 15

What is posterior to the kidneys?

Answer 15

Lower ribs
QL
TA
Iliohypogastric nerves
ilioinguinal nerves

Question 16

What is anterior to the kidneys?

Answer 16

Right:
Liver, duodenum, ascending colon

Left:
Stomach, spleen, descending colon, pancreas, jejunum

Question 17

What level is the hilum of each kidney at?

Answer 17

The transpyloric plane

Question 18

What do the hila of each kidney extend into?

Answer 18

The renal sinus

Question 19

At what level is the transpyloric plane?

Answer 19

L1 (midway between jugular notch and pubic symphysis)

Question 20

What structures come into the hilum, anterior to posterior

Answer 20

Renal vein
Renal artery
Pelvis of the ureters

Question 21

What is the arterial supply for the kidneys?

Answer 21

2 short renal arteries which arise at the level of L1/L2 IVD

Question 22

Where does the right renal artery pass?

Answer 22

Posterior to the IVC

Question 23

How many parts do the arteries branch into?

Answer 23

5 branches

Question 24

Is there a collateral circulation between the arteries of the different segments?

Answer 24

No

Question 25

Based on the arterial blood supply, how many parts is the kidney divided into?

Answer 25

5

Question 26

Do the renal vein segments communicate?

Answer 26

Yes, unlike the arteries

Question 27

Where does the right renal vein drain into?

Answer 27

IVC

Question 28

Where does the left renal vein drain into?

Answer 28

Over the abdominal aorta and into the IVC

Question 29

What is the nerve supply for the kidneys?

Answer 29

ANS - T10-T11 sympathetics, preganglionic through the T splanchnic nerves, postganglionic through the coeliac and renal ganglia. PNS - Vagus nerve, CNX

Question 30

What is cortex latin for?

Answer 30

Bark

Question 31

What does the cortex form in the kidneys?

Answer 31

The outer shell as well as the columns which lie between the individual units of the medulla and extend towards the renal pelvis as the renal columns

Question 32

What do the renal columns lie between?

Answer 32

Triangular, striated areas called the medullary pyramids

Question 33

What does the point of each peak of each medullary pyramid extend towards?

Answer 33

It protrudes into part of the urine collecting system (The calyceal system)

Question 34

What is the pointed tip of each medulla called?

Answer 34

The papilla

Question 35

How medullary pyramids does each human kidney have?

Answer 35

10-18

Question 36

How many nephrons are in each kidney (approximately)?

Answer 36

1 million

Question 37

What is the smallest unit capable of producing urine?

Answer 37

The nephron

Question 38

What are the 2 parts of the nephron?

Answer 38

The glomerulus | The cortical and medullary tubular systems

Question 39

Where does the initial filtration of blood occur?

Answer 39

The glomerulus

Question 40

Where are all the glomeruli found?

Answer 40

Within the cortex

Question 41

What is the renal pelvis?

Answer 41

A flattened funnel shaped expansion of the superior end of the ureters

Question 42

What does each renal pelvis consist of?

Answer 42

2 or 3 major calyces/calices, each of which divides into 2 or 3 minor calyces.

Question 43

What are minor calyces indented by?

Answer 43

Renal papillae, the apex of the renal pyramid

Question 44

What are the 3 major functions of the kidneys?

Answer 44

Filter blood (1200ml/min) Remove wastes and toxins Assist in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance