Week 10 - Language Flashcards

(23 cards)

1
Q

What is aphasia?

A

Difficulty producing or comprehending speech due to brain damage, not sensory or motor deficit.

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2
Q

What hemisphere is typically dominant for language?

A

Left hemisphere in ~90% of the population.

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3
Q

How is language processed in split-brain patients?

A

Each hemisphere can process language differently; left is typically dominant.

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4
Q

Why can’t chimpanzees produce human speech sounds?

A

Their larynx is higher and closer to the mouth.

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5
Q

What did Washoe the chimpanzee demonstrate?

A

Learned ASL signs and created novel combinations, showing possible symbolic use.

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6
Q

What brain area is linked to language comprehension?

A

Wernicke’s area.

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7
Q

What brain area is linked to language production?

A

Broca’s area (inferior left frontal lobe).

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8
Q

Which cranial nerves are involved in speech?

A

V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XII.

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9
Q

What causes Broca’s aphasia?

A

Damage to inferior left frontal lobe and subcortical white matter.

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10
Q

What are the key symptoms of Broca’s aphasia?

A

Non-fluent, slow, effortful speech; intact comprehension.

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11
Q

What is agrammatism?

A

Difficulty using and understanding grammar.

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12
Q

What is anomia?

A

Word-finding difficulties, especially for function words.

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13
Q

What are the articulation problems in Broca’s aphasia?

A

Mispronunciations, altered sequence of sounds.

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14
Q

What remains intact in Broca’s aphasia?

A

Simple phrases, curse words, emotional expressions.

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15
Q

What causes conduction aphasia?

A

Damage to the arcuate fasciculus connecting Broca and Wernicke areas.

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16
Q

What are symptoms of conduction aphasia?

A

Fluent speech and comprehension but impaired repetition.

17
Q

What does the brain activate when hearing words?

A

Posterior language area activates memories linked to words.

18
Q

What brain region processes metaphors?

A

Right superior temporal cortex.

19
Q

What is a benefit of bilingualism?

A

Improved executive functioning and problem solving.

20
Q

How are different languages processed in bilinguals?

A

Some overlapping and some language-specific regions.

21
Q

What is prosody?

A

Patterns of stress and intonation in speech.

22
Q

What is phonagnosia?

A

Difficulty recognising voices.

23
Q

How does the brain process language?

A

Like a dictionary: identifies words by sound and appearance.