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MHS1101 > Week 10: Muscles of the Upper limb; the Human Hand and Bones of the Lower, Limb > Flashcards

Week 10: Muscles of the Upper limb; the Human Hand and Bones of the Lower, Limb Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the Anterior [Flexor] Compartment of Arm

A
  • biceps brachii
  • Brachialis
  • Coracobrachialis
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2
Q

What are the 2 origins and 1 insertion of the biceps brachii

A
  • long head - supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
  • short head - coracoid process of the scapula
  • insertion: radial tuberosity
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3
Q

What are the 2 actions and its nerve supply of biceps brachii

A
  • flexion of arm + forearm
  • medial rotation of forearm
  • nerve supply: musculocutaneous nerve
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4
Q

What is the 1 origin, 1 insertion and 1 action of the brachialis

A
  • origin: shaft of humerus
  • insertion: coronoid process of ulna
  • actions: flexion of forearm
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5
Q

What is the 1 origin and 1 insertion of Coracobrachialis

A
  • origin: coracoid process of scapula
  • insertion: shaft of the humerus
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6
Q

What is the 2 action and the nerve supply of Coracobrachialis

A
  • action: flexion + adduction of arm
  • nerve supply: musculocutaneous nerve
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7
Q

What is the 1 muscle of Posterior [Extensor] Compartment of Arm

A

Triceps

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8
Q

What are the 3 heads of origins of the triceps

A
  • long head – infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
  • lateral head – humerus, above radial groove
  • medial – humerus, below radial groove
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9
Q

What is the 1 action, 1 action and the nerve supply of the trcieps

A
  • insertion: olecronon process of ulna
  • action: extends shoulder & forearm
  • nerve supply: radial nerve
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10
Q

What are the 2 divisions that make up the Flexor Compartment of the Forearm, and the origins for each layer/muscle

A

superficial & deep compartments [fascia]
- superficial muscles share a common origin - medial epicondyle of humerus [+]
- deep muscles arise from the radius & ulna & interosseous membrane (I-O)

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11
Q

What 5 muscles are in the superficial compartment/layer of Flexor Compartment of the Forearm

A

palmaris longus

pronator teres

flexor carpi radialis

flexor carpi ulnaris

flexor digitorum superficialis

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12
Q

What is the 1 origin and 1 insertion of the palmaris longus

A
  • origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
  • insertion: palmar aponeurosis [tendon degenerated
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13
Q

What is the 4 action and nerve supply of palmaris longus

A

action: flexion of forearm (v. weak) +wrist
-> tendinous insertions to MPJ – weak
-> flexion of proximal phalanges
->may assist with thumb flexion

  • nerve supply: median nerve
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14
Q

What is the 2 origin and 1 insertion, 2 actions and the nerve supply of the pronator teres

A
  • origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna
  • insertion: radial shaft – lateral aspect
  • action: flexion of elbow & forearm pronation
  • nerve supply: median nerve
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15
Q

What is the 1 origin and the insertion, 2 actions and nerve supply of Flexor carpi radialis

A
  • origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
  • insertion: bases of 2nd & 3rd metacarpals
  • action: flexion forearm & wrist, & radial deviation (abduction) of wrist( to right)
  • nerve supply: median nerve
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16
Q

What is the 2 origin, 3 insertion, 2 actions and nerve supply of Flexor carpi ulnaris

A
  • origin: medial epicondyle of humerus, upper posterior border of ulna
  • insertion: pisiform, hook of hamate & base of 5th metacarpal
  • action: flexion forearm & wrist, ulnar (medial) deviation/adduction of wrist
  • nerve supply: ulnar nerve
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17
Q

What is the 2 origin and 1 insertion, 3 actions and nerve supply of Flexor digitorum superficialis

A
  • origin: medial epicondyle, radius
  • insertion: split to insert on middle phalanges of 4 fingers
  • actions: flexion of elbow, wrist, proximal I-P joints
  • nerve supply: median nerve
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18
Q

What are 4 roles of the Flexor digitorum superficialis

A
  • strongest when wrist extended
  • extensors act as antagonists
  • reduces excess movement at wrist
  • act as synergists in finger flexion
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19
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the deep compartment/layer of Flexor Compartment of the Forearm

A

flexor digitorum profundus

flexor pollicis longus

pronator quadratus

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20
Q

What are the 2 origins, 1 insertions, 1 actions and nerve supply of flexor digitorum profundus

A
  • origin: upper anterior & medial ulna & interosseous membrane
  • insertion: distal phalanges of 4 fingers
  • actions: flexion of elbow, wrist, distal I-P joints
  • nerve supply: median & ulnar nerve
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21
Q

Describe the structure of flexor digitorum profundus

A

bulkiest, essential for gripping, strongest when wrist extended

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22
Q

What are the 2 origins, 1 insertions, 1 actions and nerve supply of Flexor pollicis longus

A
  • origin: anterior radius & interosseous membrane
  • insertion: distal phalanx of thumb
    -actions: flexion of thumb (& wrist, when thumb fixed)
  • nerve supply: median nerve
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23
Q

What are the origins, insertions, actions and nerve supply of Pronator quadratus

A
  • origin: distal anterior ulna
  • insertion: distal anterior radius
  • actions: pronation of forearm
  • nerve supply: median nerve
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24
Q

What are the 7 muscles of the superficial group of Extensor Compartment of the Forearm

Study These Flashcards
A
  • brachioradialis
  • anconeus
  • extensor carpi radialis longus
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • extensor carpi ulnaris
  • extensor digitorum communis
  • extensor digiti minimi
25
What is the origin, insertion, actions and nerve supply of Brachioradialis
- origin: lateral supracondylar line of humerus - insertion: distal radius, above styloid process - actions: flexion of forearm - nerve supply: radial nerve
26
What is the origin, 2 insertion, actions and nerve supply of Anconeus
- origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus - insertion: posterior ulna, olecronon process - actions: extension of forearm - nerve supply: radial nerve
27
What is the origin, insertion, 2 actions of Extensor carpi radialis longus
- origin: supracondylar line of humerus - insertion: base of 2nd metacarpal - actions: extension & abduction of wrist
28
What is the origin, insertion, actions of Extensor carpi radialis brevis
- origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus - insertion: base of 3rd metacarpal - action: extension of wrist
29
What is the 2 origin, insertion, 2 actions of Extensor carpi ulnaris
- origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, posterior ulna - insertion: base of 5th metacarpal - actions: extension & adduction of wrist
30
What is the origin, insertion, actions, nerve supply of Extensor digitorum communis
- origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus - insertion: middle & distal phalanges of medial 4 fingers - actions: extension of digits & wrist - nerve supply: radial nerve
31
What is the origin, insertion, actions, nerve supply of Extensor digiti minimi
origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus insertion: all phalanges of 5th digit actions: extension of 5th digit nerve supply: radial nerve
32
What are the 5 muscles of the deep group of Extensor Compartment of the Forearm
supinator extensor indicis extensor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis abductor pollicis longus
33
What is the 2 origin, insertion, actions, nerve supply of the supinator
- origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator crest of ulna - insertion: lateral aspect of radius (mid region) - actions: supination of forearm - nerve supply: radial nerve
34
What is the 2 origin, insertion, 2 actions, nerve supply of the Extensor indicis
- origin: ulna & I-O membrane - insertion: phalanges 2&3 of index finger - actions: extension of index finger & wrist - nerve supply: radial nerve
35
What is the 4 origin, insertion, actions, nerve supply of Extensor pollicis longus
- origin: lateral, middle 1/3, posterior ulna & I-O membrane - insertion: base of distal phalanx of thumb - actions: extension distal phalanx of thumb - nerve supply: radial nerve
36
What is the 2 origin, insertion, 2 actions, nerve supply of Extensor pollicis brevis
- origin: posterior radius & I-O membrane - insertion: proximal phalanx of thumb - actions: extension of thumb & abduction of wrist
37
What is the 2 origin, insertion, actions, nerve supply of Abductor pollicis longus
- origin: posterior ulna & I-O membrane - insertion: base of 1st metacarpal - actions: abduction of thumb & wrist
38
Describe the developments of primate to human hand
- prehensile [L. prehendere – to grasp] hands (& feet) - increased independent mobility of digits: thumb & 1st toe - can be rotated to face palm & other digits – ‘opposable thumb’ - 1st toe – no opposition = bipedalism - replacement of claws with nails - broad flat palm (↓ & merging of pads) - increased frictional surface - human fingers shorter & less curved = precision grasping - thumb more robust than in other primates - power & precision grip - evolution of mobility of upper limb & hand as sense organ - precarious nature of tree-dwelling & brachiation
39
Describe the 5 characteristics of a primate hand
- prehensile [L. prehendere – to grasp] hands (& feet) - non opposable thumb - claws - precarious nature of tree-dwelling & brachiation - longer fingers and curved
40
Describe the 8 developments of primate to human hand
- increased independent mobility of digits: thumb & 1st toe - can be rotated to face palm & other digits – ‘opposable thumb’ - 1st toe – no opposition = bipedalism - replacement of claws with nails - broad flat palm (↓ & merging of pads) - increased frictional surface - human fingers shorter & less curved = precision grasping - evolution of mobility of upper limb & hand as sense organ
41
What are the 4 muscles of the hand: palmar surface
thenar muscles – act on the thumb hypothenar muscles – act on the 5th digit [little finger] lumbrical muscles – dual actions palmar interossei – act on digits
42
Describe the 4 characterisitcs of the structure of the thumb and its joints
- 1st digit: metacarpal & proximal & distal phalanges - thumb metacarpal shorter & at right angles to plane of other metacarpals - articulates with carpals in saddle joint - distal pad of thumb can be placed against pads of other fingers – opposability - vital for grip
43
What are the three types of thenar muscles
- Abductor pollicis brevis - Flexor pollicis brevis - Opponens pollicis
44
What is the 2 origin, insertions, 2 actions and nerve supply of Abductor pollicis brevis
- origin: flexor retinaculum, scaphoid & trapezium - insertion: radial base of proximal phalanx - actions: abducts thumb at CMJ, extends IPJ - nerve supply: median nerve
45
What is the 2 origins, insertion, action and nerve supply of Flexor pollicis brevis
- origin: flexor retinaculum & trapezium - insertion: proximal phalanx - actions: flexes MCPJ - nerve supply: median nerve
46
What is the 2 origins, insertion, action, nerve supply of opponens pollicis
- origin: flexor retinaculum & trapezium - insertion: radial aspect of 1st metacarpal - action: opposition of thumb - nerve supply: median nerve
47
What are the 3 types of hypothenar muscles
- Flexor digiti minimi brevis - Opponens digiti minimi -Adductor pollicis
48
What is the 2 origins, 2 insertion, 2 action, nerve supply of Flexor digiti minimi brevis
- origin: hook of hamate & flexor retinaculum - insertion: 5th digit, base of proximal phalanx - action: flexes MCPJ & assists with opposition - nerve supply: ulnar nerve
49
What is the 2 origins, 2 insertion, 1 action, nerve supply of Opponens digiti minimi
- origin: hook of hamate & flexor retinaculum - insertion: 5th digit, metacarpal - action: opposition - nerve supply: ulnar nerve
50
What is the 2 heads of origins of Adductor pollicis
origin: -> oblique head: palmar surfaces of trapezoid, trapezium & capitate, bases of metacarpals of index & middle fingers -> transverse head: palmar surface of shaft of middle metacarpal
51
What is the insertion, action and nerve supply of Adductor pollicis
- insertion: proximal phalanx of thumb - action: adducts the thumb - nerve supply: ulnar nerve
52
What are the origins insertion, 2 actions and 2 nerve supply of lumbrical muscles
- origin: tendons of flexor digitorum profundus, just distal to carpal tunnel - insertion: dorsal extensor expansions - actions: flexion of MCPJ & extension of IPJ - medial 2 nerve supply: ulnar nerve - lateral 2 nerve supply: median nerve
53
What is the origin, insertion ,action, nerve supply of Palmar Interosseous Muscles
- origin: palmar surface metacarpals - insertion: proximal phalanges - action: adduct other digits towards 3rd digit - nerve supply: ulnar nerve
54
What is the 2 origin, 2 insertion ,action, nerve supply of Dorsal Interosseous Muscles
- origin: 2 heads, from adjacent sides of metacarpals - insertion: proximal phalanges & extensor expansions - action: abduct fingers (relative to axis of movement) - nerve supply: ulnar nerve
55
What are the 3 regions of the lower limp, what are they connected to and by what?
- thigh: between hip and knee joints - leg: extends from knee joint to ankle joint - foot [tarsus] - connected to trunk by pelvic girdle - pubis, ilium & ischium
56
What consists of the pelvis
pelvic girdle plus structures of the pelvic cavity
57
Describe the angle of incliantion
- angle between femoral neck & shaft -enables limb to swing clear of pelvis [brings thigh away from body] average of 1250 (males>females ) - smaller the angle the greater risk of trans-cervical fracture - in elderly, also due to loss of elasticity of bone - in rickets, angle reduced to 90
58
Describe the patella
- sesamoid bone - develops within quadriceps femoris tendons - increase lever function of muscles
59

MHS1101 (11 decks)

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