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MHS1101 > Week 9 Bones: chest,upper limbs,muscles(back/chest/shoulder) > Flashcards

Week 9 Bones: chest,upper limbs,muscles(back/chest/shoulder) Flashcards

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1
Q

What 4 regions is the upper limb divided into and what is it connected to

A
  • brachium [arm proper]: between shoulder & elbow joints
  • antebrachium [forearm]: extends from elbow joint to wrist joint
  • wrist region
  • hand [carpus]
    -connected to trunk by pectoral girdle(scapula & clavicle)
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2
Q

What type of bone is the scapula and location

A
  • flat bone
  • on postero-lateral aspect of thorax, overlying ribs 2-7
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3
Q

What are the 3 borders on the anterior of scapula

A
  • superior (top)
  • lateral border (on short side)
  • medial border (on long side)
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4
Q

What 3 angles on the posterior o scapula

A
  • superior angle (arch above spine)
  • lateral angle( located on the acromion)
  • inferior angle(bottom)
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5
Q

Where is spine of the scapula and what 2 structures does It seperate

A
  • transverse ridge on posterior surface
  • seperates:
    ->supraspinous fossa: above the spine
    ->infraspinous fossa: broad surface below spine
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6
Q

What is the suprascapular notch and location

A

provides passage for nerve & vessels
- superior border

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7
Q

What is the subscapular fossa

A

concave anterior surface of scapula

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8
Q

What 3 features make up laterla angle and describe each

A

acromion process
-> extension of the spine
->forms apex of the shoulder
->articulates with clavicle - point of attachment of scapula & upper limb to rest of skeleton

coracoid process:
->attachment site for muscles

glenoid cavity:
-> shallow socket, articulates with head of the humerus to form glenohumeral joint

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9
Q

What protects the scapula

A

surrounded/protected by layers of muscles

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10
Q

What type of bone is the clavicle, development, and location

A
  • S-shaped long bone
  • first to appear in embryo
  • last to ossify
  • extends horizontally across root of the neck towards shoulder
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11
Q

Describe the structur of the clavicle

A

two curvatures
- medial end & lateral end(towards shoulder)
- medial end more rounded for articulation with manubrium of sternum
- lateral end more flattened at acromioclavicular joint
- lower surface more roughened due to ligament attachments

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12
Q

Where is the sternum

A

bony plate anterior to the heart

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13
Q

What are the 3 regions of the sternum

A

manubrium
body (gladiolus)
xiphoid process

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14
Q

What are 3 other features of sternum

A

jugular notch
manubriosternal junction/joint [sternal angle]
articular facets for Ribs 1-7

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15
Q

Describe the 6 features of the proximal end of the humerus

A
  • hemispherical head - articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula
  • anatomical neck(posterior)
  • greater & lesser tubercles(anterior)
  • intertubercular sulcus - biceps tendon
  • surgical neck(anterior)
  • deltoid tuberosity
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16
Q

Describe the 6 features of the distal end of the humerus

A
  • capitulum - articulates with head of radius
  • trochlea - articulates with ulna (on head side)
  • lateral & medial(on head side) epicondyles
  • olecranon fossa - olecranon process of ulna(posterior,middle)
  • coronoid fossa(anterior view head side)
  • radial fossa(anterior, next to coronoid)
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17
Q

What 2 long bones consist of forearm(antebrachium)

A
  • ulna (medial)
  • radius (lateral)
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18
Q

What is the membrane found in forearm and what is it

A

interosseous membrane – fibrous sheet that connects lateral margin of the ulna to the radius

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19
Q

What 5 structures make up the ulna

A
  • olceranon
  • cornoid process
  • radial notch
  • head of ulna
  • ulnar styoid process
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20
Q

What is the olecranon

A
  • proximal end of the ulna
  • forms the point of the elbow
  • fits into the olecranon fossa on the humerus when the elbow straightens (extension)
  • forms the superior lip of the trochlear notch(anterior)
  • the trochlear notch is a u-shaped notch that articulates with the trochlea of the humerus
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21
Q

What is the coronoid process

A
  • forms the inferior lip of the trochlear notch
  • fits into the coronoid fossa of the humerus when the elbow bends (flexion)
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22
Q

What is the radial notch

A
  • flat notch lateral to the coronoid process
  • articulates with the head of the radius to form the proximal radio-ulnar joint
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23
Q

What is the head of ulna (ulnar head)

A

distal end of the ulna
- articulates with the radius to form the distal radio-ulnar joint

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24
Q

What is the ulnar styloid process

A
  • short process that points inferiorly
  • attaches to the articular disc, a cartilage that separates the ulnar head from the bones of the wrist
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25
What 5 structures make up the radius
- head - neck - radial tuberosity - ulnar notch - radial styloid process
26
What is the head of radius
- disc-shaped proximal end of the radius - articulates with capitulum of the humerus at the elbow - fits into the radial fossa when the elbow bends (flexion)
27
What is the neck of radius
area between the head and the radial tuberosity
28
What is radial tuberosity
roughness below the neck where the biceps brachii muscle attaches
29
What is the ulnar notch
- on medial surface of distal end of the radius - articulates with the head of the ulna
30
What is the radial styloid process
on the distal lateral surface stabilizes the wrist joint
31
What are 8 bones of the wrist and what do they allow
- eight carpal bones ->four proximal carpal bones ->four distal carpal bones - allow the wrist to bend and twist
32
What is carpal tunnel syndrome
- inflammation of connective tissues between flexor retinaculum and the carpal bones - can compress the median nerve and result in pain, weakness, and reduced wrist mobility
33
What are metacarpals and what do they articulate with
the five long bones of the hand - articulate with the distal carpals and proximal phalanges
34
What are phalanges, how many in thumb and rest 4 fingers
- bones of the fingers - pollex (thumb) – has two phalanges (proximal and distal) - the other four fingers have three phalanges each (proximal, middle, and distal)
35
What are 4 categories of muscle action and the functions of each
- prime mover - muscle that produces most of force during particular joint action - synergist - muscle that aids the prime mover - antagonist - opposes the prime mover ->prevents excessive movement ->can relax to give prime mover control over an action -> antagonistic pairs - muscles that act on opposite sides of a joint - fixator - muscle that prevents movement of bone
36
What 4 actions are produced by the muscles on the head
- flexion (bending head forward) - extension (holding head erect) - lateral flexion (moving head to one side) - rotation (turning head to left & right)
37
What 2 layers of the erector spinae make up the muslces of the vertebral collumn
Erector spinae, superficial layer Erector spinae, deep layer
38
What 3 groups make the erector spinae, superficial layer
Spinalis group Longissimus group Iliocostalis group
39
What 5 groups make up the erector spinae, deep layer
- Semispinalis group - Multifidus - Interspinales - Intertransversarii - Rotatores
40
Describe the 2 locations of the spinal flexor muscles of the vertebral column, and what is consists of and functions
- neck - longus capitis and longus colli - rotate and flex the neck - lumbar region - quadratus lumborum - flexes vertebral column and depresses ribs
41
What 3 muscles found in chest
- pectoralis major - pectoralis minor - Serratus Anterior
42
What are the origins, insertions and actions of pectoralis major
- origins: sternum, upper ribs & clavicle to humerus - insertion: anterior aspect of humerus - actions: flexion, adduction, medial rotation of arm
43
What are the origins, insertions and actions of the pectoralis minor
- origins: ribs 3-5 - insertion: coracoid process of scapula - actions: depresses shoulder
44
What are the origins, insertions and actions of the Serratus Anterior
- origins: upper 8 ribs (lateral aspect) - insertion: medial border of scapula - actions: protraction & rotation of scapula
45
What are the 5 muscles of the back
- Trapezius - Latissimus dorsi - Levator scapulae - Rhomboid minor - Rhomboid major
46
What are the origins and inertions of trapezius
- origins: nuchal lines, ligamentum nuchae, cervical & upper 6 thoracic spines - insertions: lateral end of the clavicle, the acromion process & spine of scapula
47
What are the 5 actions of the trapezius
- neck extension [if muscle is fixed] - elevate/rotate scapula - keep shoulders braced (tonus) - suspend upper limb - nerve damage - drooping of shoulders
48
What are the origins, inertions of Latissimus dorsi
- origins:T6-12 spines; lower 3-4 ribs, iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia (to lumbar & sacral spines), inferior angle of scapula - insertion: humerus (anterior) [intertubercular sulcus] - actions: adducts & extends & medially rotates arm - raises body - climbing
49
What are the 4 actions of Latissimus dorsi
- adducts & extends & medially rotates arm - raises body - climbing - levator scapulae & the rhomboids - deep to trapezius & latissimus dorsi
50
What are the origins, inertion and actions of the Levator scapulae
origins: transverse processes of cervical vertebral spines [C1-C4] insertion: upper medial border scapula (above spine) actions: elevation of scapula; tilts glenoid inferiorly
51
What are the origins, inertion and actions of the rhomboid minor
- origins: spinous processes of C7, T1,2 - insertion: medial border scapula (opposite spine) - actions: elevation & retraction of scapula
52
What are the origins, inertion and actions of the rhomboid major
- origins: spinous processes of T2-T5 - insertion: medial border of scapula (below spine) - actions: retraction & elevation of scapula
53
What is the muscle of the shoulder region
Deltoid
54
What are 3 origins, inertion of the deltoid
- origins: ->anterior fibres: anterior border & upper surface of the clavicle -> middle fibres: lateral aspect of the acromion process -> posterior fibres: lower lip & posterior border of spine of scapula - insertion: humerus [deltoid tuberosity]
55
What are the 6 actions of the deltoid
- all fibres: abduction - anterior fibres - flexion of arm - middle fibres - abduction of arm - posterior fibres - extension [& hyperextension] of flexed arm - prevent dislocation of humerus when carrying heavy weights - insertion pulls/elevates humerus & humeral head, & clavicle
56
What are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff of shoulder region
- supraspinatus - infraspinatus - teres minor -subscapularis
57
What are the 2 funstions of the rotator cuff
- major role in stability of glenohumeral joint - hold head of humerus in shallow glenoid cavity
58
What are the origins, inertions and actions of supraspinatus
- origins: supraspinous fossa - insertion: upper facet on greater tubercle of humerus - actions: abduction of humerus
59
What are the origins, insertions and actions of infraspinatus
- origins: infraspinous fossa - insertion: middle facet on greater tubercle of humerus - actions: lateral rotation of humerus
60
What are the origin, insertions and actions of Teres minor
- origins: lateral border of the scapula - insertion: lower facet on greater tubercle of humerus - actions: lateral rotation of humerus
61
What are the origin, insertions and actions of Subscapularis
- origins: costal surface of scapula - insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus - actions: medial rotation of humerus
62
What are the origin, insertions and actions of teres major
- not considered part of the rotator cuff, though it plays a role in shoulder stability - origins: dorsal surface, inferior angle/lateral border of scapula - insertion: medial lip of intertubercular sulcus - actions: medial rotation of humerus

MHS1101 (11 decks)

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