Week 10 Protein Metabolism

Question 1

What is the function of protein?

Answer 1

Structural proteins
Transport
Enzyme function
Hormones

Question 2

What is the structure of amino acids?

Answer 2

An amino group-two hydrogen atoms and a nitrogen atom
A carboxyl group (COOH)
In the middle there is an organic chain that consists of (C, O, H, N, S)

Question 3

What are the proteins held together by?

Answer 3

Peptide bonds

Question 4

What type of reaction form a peptide bond?

Answer 4

A condensation reaction

Question 5

What causes the primary protein structure?

Answer 5

Amino acid sequence

Question 6

What causes the secondary protein structure?

Answer 6

Hydrogen bonds between amino acids within the peptide chain

Question 7

What causes the tertiary protein structure?

Answer 7

Attractions between alpha-helices and beta sheets

Question 8

What causes quaternary protein structure?

Answer 8

Two or more peptide chains form a create the building blocks of a functional enzyme

Question 9

What happens if the protein is denatured?

Answer 9

Loss of structure and biological activity

Question 10

Is protein stored as an energy substrate?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

What is the turn over rate of protein?

Answer 11

Fast turnover rate

Question 12

What is protein a rapid response to?

Answer 12

Starvation

Training

Question 13

How is protein metabolism regulated?

Answer 13

By hormones

Question 14

What are the enzymes that regulate protein turnover?

Answer 14

Proteinases

Peptidases

Question 15

Why is protein as an energy source minimal in exercise?

Answer 15

Nitrogen excretion requires ATP expenditure

Question 16

Can all amino acids be degraded?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

What does amino acid degradation require? What is it known as?

Answer 17

Removal of nitrogen from the amino acid molecule (deamination)

Question 18

What can the protein enter TCA cycle as?

Answer 18

Pyruvate
Acetoacyl-coA
Acetyl-coA

Question 19

When nitrogen is released from amino acids what is released?

Answer 19

Ammonia (NH3+)

Question 20

What is used to transport ammonia?

Answer 20

Alanine and glutamine

Question 21

What is occurring in the body if you have a negative nitrogen balance?

Answer 21

Muscle wastage

Question 22

What do proteins consist of?

Answer 22

Amino acids

Question 23

What is deamination?

Answer 23

A process where the amino group (NH2) is removed from a protein molecul

Question 24

After deamination what happens to the amino group and the carbon skeleton?

Answer 24

Amino group is converted into urea (using ATP)

Carbon skeleton can then enter the TCA cycle