Week 10: Welfare states and public policy

Question 1

Advanced welfare state

Answer 1

A capitalist society in which the state has intervened in the form of social policies, programs, standards and regulations in order to mitigate class conflict and to provide an answer or accomodate certain social needs for which the capitalist mode of production has no solution or makes no provision

Question 2

What event influenced Western democracies to become advanced welfare states?

Answer 2

The great depression

Question 3

According to Teeple, what are the components of the advanced welfare state?

Answer 3

Education, employment insurance, employment training, public pensions, social assistance and health care

Question 4

What are the reasons that Western democracies became advanced welfare states?

Answer 4

To preserve the capitalist, free market economic system
To make up for negative outcomes of the business cycle under capitalism
To transfer resources from high-income to low-income people

Question 5

What are the welfare states of the dichotomous typology?

Answer 5

1. Residual welfare state
2. Institutional welfare state

Question 6

Residual welfare state

Answer 6

Smaller range of social welfare measures
Target less well off
Strict eligibility criteria (means testing)
Long waiting periods and short entitlement periods
Little state commitment to reducing poverty

Question 7

What is the residual welfare state most similar too?

Answer 7

Market model

Question 8

Means testing (residual welfare state)

Answer 8

Requirement to demonstrate little or no income
Often require that you exhaust all resources and any money you have saved to be eligible

Question 9

Institutional welfare state

Answer 9

Benefits and services are citizen entitled social protections and investments
Promotion of well-being and prevention of problems
Comprehensive benefits
Free market allocation of resources seen as inferior

Question 10

Comprehensive benefits of institutional welfare state

Answer 10

Cover more contingencies
More generous
Higher quality
More easily accessed

Question 11

What if the institutional welfare state most similar to?

Answer 11

Polis model

Question 12

Welfare states of Esping-Andersen’s typology

Answer 12

1. Liberal
2. Conservative
3. Social democratic

Question 13

Countries that use liberal welfare state

Answer 13

Australia
Canada
Ireland
United Kingdom
United States

Question 14

Countries that use conservative welfare state

Answer 14

Belgium
France
Germany
Netherlands
Switzerland

Question 15

Countries that use the social democratic welfare state

Answer 15

Denmark
Finland
Norway
Sweden

Question 16

Dimensions of Esping-Andersen’s typology

Answer 16

1. Commodification
2. Social stratification

Question 17

Commodification- liberal welfare state

Answer 17

Citizens are dependent on market and earned income for social goods and services

Question 18

Commodification- conservative welfare state

Answer 18

Less emphasis on market and more on families providing social welfare

Question 19

Commodification- social democratic

Answer 19

Social goods and services provided as a matter of citizen rights

Question 20

Social stratification- liberal welfare state

Answer 20

Maintain and reinforce existing patterns of inequality

Question 21

Social stratification- conservative welfare state

Answer 21

Maintain inequalities but alleviate suffering from being on bottom

Question 22

Social stratification- social democratic welfare state

Answer 22

Committed to reducing inequality and poverty

Question 23

Liberal welfare states

Answer 23

Emphasis on market and commodification
Basic social safety net w low benefits
Means or income tested
Assistance only to least well off
Little redistrbution
Benefits seen as last resort

Question 24

Conservative welfare states

Answer 24

Retains status differences but less emphasis on markets and commodification
Social insurance rather than social assistance or universal measures (pay in to it and its available when needed)
redistribution of income over people’s lifetimes

Question 25

Social democratic welfare states

Answer 25

Broad, extensive, comprehensive programs
Emphasis on elimination of poverty and promotion of quality
Universal welfare
Decommodification of social services and benefits
Key priority is full employment
Strong, active labour movements and policies

Question 26

Types of social spending and policies

Answer 26

Health care
Education and training
Pensions
Support for people with disabilities
Unemployment benefits
Social assistance or welfare
Minimum wage

Question 27

What dichotomous model is the social democratic welfare state most similar to?

Answer 27

Institutional

Question 28

Which dichotomous model is the liberal welfare state most similar to?

Answer 28

Residual

Question 29

Health care and pension spending and Espen-Andersen’s typology

Answer 29

Don’t follow pattern you would expect

Question 30

What country is most likely to reduce health and social spending in response to global economic pressures?

Answer 30

Canada (liberal)

Question 31

In what area does spending align with Esping-Andersen’s typology?

Answer 31

Support for people w disabilities