Week 106 GORD/PUD

Question 0

WHAT DO CHIEF CELLS SECRETE?

Answer 0

PEPSINOGEN

Question 1

WHAT DO PARIETAL CELLS SECRETE?

Answer 1

GASTRIC JUICE AND INTRINSIC FACTOR

Question 2

WHAT DO G CELLS SECRETE

Answer 2

GASTRIN

Question 3

WHAT DO ENTERCHROMFFIN LIKE CELLS (ELC) SECRETE?

Answer 3

HISTAMINE

Question 4

WHAT DO D CELLS SECRETE?

Answer 4

SOMATOSTATIN.

Question 5

WHERE ARE G CELLS FOUND?

Answer 5

THE ANTRUM OF THE STOMACH.

Question 6

WHAT PART OF THE STOMACH HAS NO (NONE!!) PARIETAL CELLS?

Answer 6

THE CARDIA

Question 7

WHERE ARE G CELLS LOCALISED WITHIN THE GASTRIC PIT?

Answer 7

BOTTOM OF THE CRYPT.

Question 8

A DEFICIENCY OF VITAMIN B12 WILL LEAD TO WHICH CONDITION?

Answer 8

PERNICIOUS ANAEMIA.

Question 9

PERNICIOUS ANAEMIA CAN BE CAUSED BY A DECREASE IN THE PRODUCTION OF WHICH CELLS?

Answer 9

PARIETAL.

Question 10

WHAT SUPPRESSES OTHER HORMONES WITHIN THE STOMACH

Answer 10

SOMATOSTATIN.

Question 11

WHAT ARE THE MECHANICAL EFFECTS OF SOMATOSTATIN?

Answer 11

DELAYS GASTRIC EMPTYING

REDUCED GASTRIC BLOOD FLOW

Question 12

WHAT ACTIVATES THE K+/H+ PUMP IN PARIETAL CELLS?

Answer 12

GASTRIN.

Question 14

WHAT NERVE IS STIMULATED TO PRODUCE GASTRIC SECRETION?

Answer 14

VAGUS.

Question 15

WHAT REGULATES THE RELEASE OF MUCOUS HCO3?

Answer 15

PROSTAGLANDINS.

Question 16

WHAT DRUGS INHIBIT PROSTAGLANDIN PRODUCTION?

Answer 16

NSAIDS.

Question 17

WHAT IS A SYNDROME INVOLVING PANCREATIC ADENOMA CAUSING EXCESSIVE GASTRIN PRODUCTION, THEREFORE ACID SECRETION?

Answer 17

ZOLLINGER ELLISON SYNDROME.

Question 18

WHAT CAN ZOLLINGER ELLISON SYNDROME ALSO CAUSE?

Answer 18

PEPTIC ULCERS.

Question 19

WHAT DRUGS WOULD YOU USE TO TREAT ZOLLINGER ELLISON SYNDROME?

Answer 19

PPI.

Question 20

HOW DOES H. PYLORI INFECTION CAUSE ANTRAL D CELLS TO PRODUCE LESS SOMATOSTATIN?

Answer 20

AMMONIA PRODUCTION TO NEUTRALISE ACID.

Question 21

WHAT CAN LONG TERM REFLUX CAUSE?

Answer 21

BARRETTS OESOPHAGUS

Question 22

WHAT PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES OCCUR IN BARRETTS OESOPHAGUS

Answer 22

METAPLASIA –> SQUAMOUS TO COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM.

Question 23

WHAT COMPLICATIONS ARISE IN BARRETS OESOPHAGUS?

Answer 23

STRICTURES
ULCERS
OESOPHAGEAL CANCER

Question 24

LACK OF PERISTALSIS AND TONE OF LOS CAUSES WHAT?

Answer 24

ACHALASIA

Question 25

WHAT TYPE OF BARRETTS - WITH JUST SIMPLE MUCOUS GLANDS ARE PRESENT?

Answer 25

CARDIAC.

Question 26

WHAT TYPE OF BARRETTS OCCURS WHEN PARIETAL CELLS ARE PRESENT?

Answer 26

BODY

Question 27

WHAT TYPE OF BARRETS OCCURS WHEN GOBLET CELLS ARE PRESENT?

Answer 27

INTESTINAL.

Question 28

WHAT TREATMENT FOR BARRETS CAN BE USED TO TRY AND REGROW THE NORMAL SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM?

Answer 28

LASER OR PHOTO DYNAMIC THERAPY.

Question 29

WHAT TYPE OF GASTRITIS CAUSES LOW ACID AND GASTRIC ULCERS?

Answer 29

PAN GASTRITIS.

Question 30

ANTRAL GASTRITIS CAUSES WHAT?

Answer 30

HIGH GASTRIN, HIGH ACID AND DUODENAL ULCER.

Question 31

WHAT IS CAUSED FROM ECTOPIC GASTRIC MUCOSA?

Answer 31

MECKELS DIVERTICULUM.

Question 32

WHICH ORGANISM IS ASSOCIATED WITH OESOPHAGITIS?

Answer 32

CANDIDA

Question 33

WHAT TESTS WOULD YOU PERFORM TO CONFIRM THE ERADICATION OF H.PYLORI INFECTION?

Answer 33

SEROLOGY ENDOSCOPY RAPID-UREASE TESTING BIOPSY

Question 34

THE C13 UREA BREATH TEST IS COMPROMISED BY USE OF WHICH MEDICATIONS?

Answer 34

PPI ANTIBIOTICS H2 INHIBITOR BACTERIA IN THE GUT

Question 35

OMEPRAZOLE IS A _____. IT REDUCES STOMACH ACIDITY BY BLOCKING _____.

Answer 35

PROTON PUMP INHIBITOR | BLOCKS K+/H+ PUMPS IN PARIETAL CELLS WITHIN THE STOMACH.

Question 36

Define GORD

Answer 36

chronic reflux disorder, caused by failure of patency of los.

Question 37

What is odynophagia?

Answer 37

Pain with swallowing

Question 38

Which investigation is the gold standard for diagnosis of GORD.

Answer 38

Ambulatory oesophageal pH monitoring.

Question 39

What is a reflux episode defined as?

Answer 39

pH <4 (24-48 hours)

Question 40

A barium swallow can be used to _____

Answer 40

examine upper GI disorders, i.e. strictures.

Question 41

What investigation is used to assess the motor function of the UES and LEs?

Answer 41

Oesophageal Manometry.

Question 42

What is an Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy?

Answer 42

Diagnostic endoscopic procedure that visualises the upper part of the GI tract (up to duodenum). minimally invasive.

Question 43

Treatment for H.Pylori infection?

Answer 43

PPI and 2x antibiotic therapy.

Question 44

Drugs ending in 'tidine' are _____.

Answer 44

H2 antagonists. These reduce stomach acid by blocking H2 receptors.

Question 45

What is a nissen fundoplication?

Answer 45

- Upper part of stomach is wrapped around LES to strengthen the sphincter, prevent reflux and repair hernia. - Often done laprascopically.