Week 11

Question 1

List the functions of the urinary system

Answer 1

1. Excretion (removal of waste).
2. Elimination of urine.
3. Homeostasis.

Question 2

What does the urinary system excrete?

Answer 2

1. Urea.
2. Creatinine.
3. Uric acid.
   (all waste products)

Question 3

How does the urinary system maintain homeostasis?

Answer 3

Maintains blood volume, pressure, pH, ions, amino acids, nutrients.

Question 4

List the components of the urinary system.

Answer 4

1. Kidneys.
2. Ureters (urinary tract).
3. Urinary bladder.
4. Urethra.

Question 5

What is the main function of the kidneys in the urinary system?

Answer 5

Produces urine.

Question 6

What is the main function of the ureters in the urinary system?

Answer 6

Transport urine to urinary bladder.

Question 7

What is the main function of the urinary bladder?

Answer 7

Temporary storage of urine prior to urination.

Question 8

What is the main function of the urethra?

Answer 8

Conducts urine to the environment and in males transports semen.

Question 9

What much blood flow do the kidneys receive from the cardiovascular system?

Answer 9

20-25% which is about 1200mL a minute.

Question 10

What is the anatomical location of the kidneys?

Answer 10

Anterior lateral to L1-L2, left kidney is normally a little more superior.

Question 11

What is the basic anatomy of the kidney?

Answer 11

1. Renal cortex (outer layer).
2. Renal medulla/renal pyramids.
3. Renal pelvis.

Question 12

What is the function unit of the kidneys?

Answer 12

Nephrons.

Question 13

What are the two main sections of a nephron?

Answer 13

Renal corpuscle and renal tubule.

Question 14

What does the renal corpuscle consist of?

Answer 14

1. Glomerulus (bundle of blood vessels called tufts).

2. Bowman’s capsule (cup-like sac that houses the glomerulus).

Question 15

List the sections of the renal tubule.

Answer 15

1. Proximal convoluted tubule.
2. Loop of Henle.
3. Distal convoluted tubule.
4. Collecting duct/renal papilla.

Question 16

What is the main function of the proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 16

Reabsorption of water, ions and organic nutrients.

Question 17

What are the main functions of the loop of Henle?

Answer 17

Descending portion reabsorbs water and the ascending portion reabsorbs sodium and chloride ions.

Question 18

What are the main functions of the distal convoluted tubule?

Answer 18

1. Secretion of ions, acids, drugs and toxins.

2. Variable reabsorption of water, sodium ions and calcium ions (hormonal control).

Question 19

What is the function of the collecting duct?

Answer 19

Reabsorbs water and ions.

Question 20

What is the main function of the renal corpuscle?

Answer 20

Filtration of blood.

Question 21

What fluid circulates the nephron?

Answer 21

Filtrate.

Question 22

What is urine?

Answer 22

Waste liquid produces by kidneys.

Question 23

What are the main organs in the female reproductive system?

Answer 23

1. Ovaries.
2. Uterine tubes.
3. Uterus.
4. Vagina.

Question 24

What are the main anatomical sections of the vagina?

Answer 24

1. Labium minus.
2. Labium majus.
3. Clitoris.
4. Vaginal canal.

Question 25

What are the main functions of the vagina?

Answer 25

1. Passageway for menstrual fluid elimination. 2. Receives penis during sexual intercourse. 3. Lower portion of birth canal.

Question 26

What are the main anatomical sections of the uterus?

Answer 26

1. Cervix. 2. Uterine cavity. 3. Uterine body. 4. Endometrium (a thin, inner, vascular, glandular layer). 5. Myometrium (outer muscular layer). 6. Perimetrium (membrane covering myometrium).

Question 27

What is the main function of the uterine tubes?

Answer 27

Transporting eggs from the ovaries to the uterus.

Question 28

What is the main function of the ovaries?

Answer 28

Production of oocytes/immature eggs (oogenesis).

Question 29

What is the function of breasts in females?

Answer 29

Milk production.

Question 30

What are the main anatomical sections of the breast?

Answer 30

1. Mammary gland. 2. Nipple. 3. Adipose tissue. 4. Areolar tissue. 5. Suspension ligaments.

Question 31

What is oogenesis?

Answer 31

The production and maturation of oocytes into ovum.

Question 32

Explain the basic steps of the ovarian cycle.

Answer 32

1. Follicular phase (oocyte production occurs). 2. Ovulation (oocytes are ovulated from ovaries and become ovum). 3. Luteal phase (ruptured follicle creates corpus luteum which releases progesterone)

Question 33

Explain the basic steps of the uterine cycle.

Answer 33

1. Menstrual phase (menstrual flow occurs). 2. Proliferation phase (endometrial layer begins to thicken). 3. Secretory phase (uterine glands secrete substances necessary for embryo development).

Question 34

List the main anatomical sections of the male reproductive system.

Answer 34

1. Penis. 2. Urethra. 3. Bulbourethral gland. 4. Prostate gland. 5. Bladder. 6. Seminal vesicle. 7. Ductus deferens. 8. Epididymis. 9. Testicles. 10. Scrotum.

Question 35

What are the two muscles of the scrotum?

Answer 35

1. Dartos muscle - Wrinkles scrotal sac. | 2. Cremaster muscle - Pulls sac close to body.

Question 36

What is the function of the seminal glands?

Answer 36

Produce fructose and roughly 60% of sperm volume.

Question 37

What is the function of the prostate?

Answer 37

Prevents roughly 30% of semen volume and prevents coagulation.

Question 38

What is the function of the bulbourethral gland?

Answer 38

Provides alkaline mucus.

Question 39

List the anatomical sections of the penis.

Answer 39

1. Shaft. 2. Glands (head). 3. Smooth muscle. 4. Erectile tile.

Question 40

What is the function of the testis and epididymis?

Answer 40

Production of sperm.

Question 41

What structures support the kidney?

Answer 41

Renal fascia and renal capsule.