Week 10 Flashcards
(43 cards)
What are the six functions of the digestive system?
- Ingestion.
- Mechanical processing: crushing and shearing.
- Chemical breakdown of food (or digestion).
- Secretion of water, acids, enzymes, buffers, and salts.
- Absorption of organic substrates, electrolytes, vitamins & water.
- Excretion: removal of waste products.
List the 7 main organs in the digestive system.
- Oral cavity.
- Pharynx.
- Oesophagus (esophagus).
- Stomach.
- Small intestine.
- Large intestine.
- Accessory organs (liver and pancreases).
What are the 4 abdominal areas?
- Upper right.
- Upper left.
- Lower right.
- Lower left.
What digestive organs are primarily in the the upper right abdominal area?
Liver.
What digestive organs are primarily in the the upper left abdominal area?
Stomach.
What digestive organs are primarily in the the lower right and left abdominal areas?
Most of the small and large intestine.
What is the function of the stomach?
- First stage of food processing and breakdown (mechanical).
- Stores food (known as chyme).
- Secretes acid and enzymes via secreting cells.
What supplies blood to the stomach?
Celiac trunk and gastric arteries of the abdominal aorta.
What digestive system organs are responsible for mechanical digestion?
Oral cavity, pharynx, oesophagus and stomach.
What digestive system organs are responsible for chemical digestion?
Small intestine, large intestine, stomach.
What are the 3 layers of stomach smooth muscle called?
- Longitudinal layer.
- Circular layer.
- Oblique layer.
List the 6 main anatomical features of the stomach.
- Cardia (close to entrance).
- Body (Main bulk).
- Fundus (most superior portion).
- Greater curve (lateral surface).
- Lesser curve (medial surface).
- Pylorus (Tapered section near exit).
What are the 3 main sections of the small intestine in order?
- Duodenum (28cm).
- Jejunum (2.5m).
- Ileum (3.5m).
What is the function of the duodenum?
Mixes chyme from stomach with digestive secretions from pancreas and liver (uptake of iron).
What is the function of the jejunum?
Site of most chemical digestion & nutrient absorption.
What is the function of ileum?
Uptake of vitamin B12 & bile salts.
What supplies blood to the small intestine?
Superior mesenteric artery of the abdominal aorta.
What supplies blood to the large intestine?
Superior mesenteric for ascending colon and inferior mesenteric artery for descending colon. (both branch off abdominal aorta).
What are the 4 main sections of the large intestine?
- Cecum - the pouch-like first portion (& appendix).
- Colon - the largest portion.
- Rectum - the last 15 cm (or the first if you catch my drift).
- Anus - Circular muscle that stops poop falling out your bum.
What are the 4 main functions of the large intestine?
- Supports bacteria which further digest food.
- Absorption of bacteria, organic waste, bile salts, water.
- Compaction/drying the contents.
- Storage of faecal material prior to defecation.
What are the 3 main functions of the pancreas in the digestive system?
- Exocrine secretion of bicarbonate ions which neutralize hydrochloric acid.
- Exocrine secretion of digestive enzymes (from Basophilic cells) for digesting fats & proteins.
- Glucose homeostasis.
What are the 3 main functions of the liver in the digestive system?
- Metabolic regulation - Carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, wastes, vitamins, mineral storage, drug inactivation.
- Haematological regulation - Recycling of blood and storage of components.
- Production of emulsification bile.
Define energetics (biology).
Study of energy relationships and energy transformations in living organisms.
What are the 3 main steps of cellular respiration?
- Glycolysis.
- Citric acid cycle.
- Electron transport chain (oxidative phosphorylation).
