Week 11 Flashcards
(41 cards)
What are the cortical areas associated with language processing?
Left hemisphere contains Broca’s area (responsible for the expression/production) of language and Wernicke’s area (comprehension of language)
What is the white matter pathway that connects Broca’s and Wernicke’s area called?
Arcuate fasciculus
What is the process of hearing langauage to responding with language?
- Primary auditory cortex - auditory discrimination
- Secondary auditory cortex - classification of sounds - language v other sounds
- Wernikes area - Auditory comprehension, work retrieval
- Subcortical connnections - Arcuate fasciculus
- Broca’s area - Instructions for language output
- Oral and throat region of cortex - cortical output to speech muscles
What is aphasia?
Impairment of language processing
- Results from damage to cortical language areas in the left hemisphere of the brain
What are the different types of aphasia?
- Wernike’s
- Broca’s
- Conduction
- Global
What is Wernike’s aphasia?
A fluent type of aphasia with an impairment of receptive language (spoken and written)
- Word errors
- Combine words
- Impaired naming/repetition
What causes Wernike’s aphasia?
Results from damage to the superior temporal gyrus, supplied by MCA
What is Broca’s aphasia?
A type of non-fluent aphasia, with an impairment of expressive language (spoken and written)
- Good auditory comprehension
- Difficulty naming, word finding and repetition
What is the cause of Broca’s aphasia?
Results from damage to Broca’s area and surrounding areas in the inferior frontal gyrus supplied by the MCA
What is conduction aphasia?
Due to a lesion in the cortical region supramarginal gyrus and white matter pathways of arcuate fasciculus
- Fluent speech with relatively intact receptive language
- Ability to understand what they hear
- Poor repetition
- Naming difficulties
- Aware of difficulties
What is Global aphasia?
Extensive damage to frontal, temporal and parietal regions, distribution of MCA
- Severe receptive and expressive impairments
- Almost totally absent speech
- May be able to express through facial expression
Someone who has had a stoke in the left side of there brain is likely to present with what?
Aphasia
Someone with dementia or TBI is likely to present with what?
Cognitive communication disorder
What is a cognitive communication disorder?
Problems with communication that have an underlying cause in a cognitive deficit rather than a primary language or speech deficit.
What does a cognitive communication disorder arise from?
Disruption in:
- Memory (difficulty accessing known info)
- Attention (difficulty staying on topic)
- Executive functioning (planning, problem solving)
- Neurological conditions
What is attention?
Attention is the concentration of awareness/focus on some phenomenon to the exclusion of other stimuli.
What are the 5 related aspects of attention?
Orienting
Divided
Selective
Sustained
Switching
What is orientating?
The ability to locate specific sensory information from among many stimuli
- e.g. locating the traffic light while driving, locating your partners voice at a party.
What is divided attention?
The ability to attend to two or more things simultaneously.
- e.g. driving and talking (hands free) or walking, talking and texting
What is selective attention?
The ability to attend to important information and ignore distractions.
- e.g. focusing on your conversation with a patient in a noisy hospital/clinic
What is sustained attention?
The ability to continue an activity over time.
- e.g. reading, watching a lecture, driving,
What is switching attention?
The ability to change from one task to another successfully.
- e.g. switching following a recipe to speaking on the phone to returning to the recipe
What is short term memory?
Working memory - maintains goal orientated information for a short time
- Essential for problem solving and reasoning
What is long term memory divided into?
Declarative and procedural memory
