Week 5 Flashcards
(19 cards)
What are the 5 cranial nerves involved with swallowing?
- Trigeminal
- Facial
- Glossopharyngeal
- Vagas
- Hypoglossal
What is a bolus?
Food that has been broken down, mixed with saliva and forms a cohesive ball – point of swallowing is to move the bolus from the anterior part of the oral cavity towards the posterior part of the oral cavity
What is Dysphagia?
A swallowing disorder
What are the 3 stages of swallowing? Are the voluntary or involuntary?
- Oral - VOLUNTARY
- Pharyngeal - INVOLUNTARY
- Oesphageal - INVOLUNTARY
Oral stage
- food in mouth
- Lips close
- Jaw cheek and tongue movements manipulate food
- Tongue moves food to pharynx entrance
- Swallow reflex triggered
Pharyngeal stage
- Food moves into pharynx
- Soft plate rises to block food from nasal cavity
- Covers trachea to prevent food from entering lungs
- Peristalsis moves food to entrance of oesophagus
Oesphageal stage
Peristalsis moves food into stomach
What are the 3 classes of movement involved in swallowing?
- Voluntary - purposeful, goal orientated
- Rhythmic motor patterns - combines voluntary and reflective actions e.g. chewing
- Reflexes - Involuntary, rapid e.g. gag reflex
What is dysparaxia/apraxia of speech?
An impairment with the capacity to plan or program speech
What are the 5 cranial nerves involved with speech?
- Trigeminal
- Facial
- Glossopharyngeal
- Vagas
- Hypoglossal
Location and function of cortical motor areas for speech production:
Pre-motor cortex: Role in planning of motor movement
Broca’s area: Role specifically in planning speech movement
Supplementary motor area: Programming movement sequences – feeds correct motor instructions in correct sequence to the primary motor cortex
Primary motor cortex: Responsible for the EXECUTION of the movement (after plans have been checked)
What is spastic paralysis?
A condition characterised by increased muscle tone and exaggerated reflexes, often resulting in stiff, jerky movements and difficulty with voluntary muscle control.
What is flaccid paralysis?
A condition characterised by muscle weakness or paralysis with reduced muscle tone.
Would an UMN lesion cause flaccid paralysis or spastic paralysis?
Spastic paralysis
Would an LMN lesion cause flaccid paralysis or spastic paralysis?
Flaccid paralysis
What is dysarthria?
Is an umbrella term referring to speech movement disorders. There are different types of dysarthria’s depending on the location of damage in the nervous system
Spastic dysarthria causes:
Strained/harsh vocal quality
Slow speaking rate
Mono pitch
Mono loudness
Flaccid dysarthria causes:
Breathy voice
Short phrases
Increased nasal resonance
Imprecise articulation
