Week 11

Question 1

What are the three joints of the elbow complex

Answer 1

humero-ulnar
radiohumeral
proximal radio-ulnar

Question 2

what do proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints allow

Answer 2

supination

Question 3

normal valgus angles

Answer 3

5-10 degrees males

10-15 degrees females

Question 4

What reinforces humeroulna joint

Answer 4

collateral ligaments

Question 5

Which fibres of the medial collateral ligament are strongest

Answer 5

anterior fibres

Question 6

What function do the posterior fibres of the medial collateral ligament do

Answer 6

they are tensioned by flexion and valgus movements

Question 7

What tensions the annular ligament

Answer 7

distraction of the radius and external rotation

Question 8

The medial collateral ligament does what

Answer 8

primary stabiliser against valgus force with wrist flexors and pronators

Question 9

What is the MOI for MCL of the elbow

Answer 9

excessive valgus force

e.g fall onto outstretched hand (FOOSH)

Question 10

What does the LCL of the elbow do

Answer 10

primary stabiliser against varus forces

traumatic injury can rupture ligament

Question 11

What does the interosseous membrane do

Answer 11

binds radius and ulna

-provides mechanism for transmitting force proximally through upper limb

Question 12

Describe flexion and extension at the elbow

Answer 12

concave surface of the trochlear notch rolls and glides on convex trochlea

• full extension requires : ant dermis, flexor muscles,anterior capsule, MCL anterior fibres
• full flexion requires : posterior capsule elongation, extensor muscles, ulnar nerve, MCL posterior fibres and portions of LCL

Question 13

flexion and extension at the humeroradial joint

Answer 13

the fovea of the radius rolls and slides over the convex capitulum

Fovea pulled firmly aanst capitulum in active flexion

NOrmal ROM - 5 hypextension to 145 flexion

Question 14

for patients suffering from inflammation in the elbow, what is the postion of comfort

Answer 14

80 degrees flexion

-volume of air to space in joint is lowest

Question 15

How might loss of extension occur

Answer 15

long term immobilisation
facture
inflammation
muscle spasticity
spinal injury above C5

Question 16

Normal ROM for pronation and supination

Answer 16

75 degees pro

85 degrees sup

Question 17

what is required functionally (pronation and supination

Answer 17

100 degree arc

requires approximately 50 degrees each direction

Question 18

what nerve innervates brachialis

Answer 18

musculocutaneous nerve (C5, 6)

Question 19

Innervation of biceps brachii

Answer 19

musculocutaneous (C5, 6

Question 20

Brachioradialis innervation

Answer 20

radial nerve (C5, C6)

Question 21

Pronator teres innervation

Answer 21

median nerve (C6, C7)

Question 22

Triceps brachii innervation

Answer 22

Radial nerve

Question 23

Anconeus innervation

Answer 23

radial nerve (C5, 6)

Question 24

Pronator quadratus innervation

Answer 24

median nerve (C6, 7)

Question 25

Pronator teres innervation

Answer 25

median nerve (C6,7)

Question 26

Supinator innervation

Answer 26

Radial nerve (C5,6)

Question 27

Which muscles flex the elbow

Answer 27

biceps brachii brachialis brachioradialis pronator teres

Question 28

Which muscles extend the elbow

Answer 28

triceps brachii | anconeus

Question 29

What are the primary pronators of the forearm

Answer 29

pronator quadratus | pronator teres

Question 30

secondary pronators of the forearms

Answer 30

flexor carpi radialis palmaris longus brachioradialis (supinated position)

Question 31

primary supinators of the forearms

Answer 31

biceps brachii | supinator

Question 32

secondary supinators of the forearm

Answer 32

radial wrist extensors extensor pollicis longus extensor indicis bracioradialis (pronated positionj

Question 33

which produces more torque out of the pronators and supinators

Answer 33

supinators (25% more)

Question 34

what is lateral epicondylagia

Answer 34

localised pain over lateral elbow +/- forearm sudden or gradual onset increased by specific activities- backhand stroke, tightly gripping object, writing, shaking hand

Question 35

source of symptoms for lateral epicondylagia

Answer 35

``` local -ECRB tendinopathy Radial nerve -posterior interosseous entrapment (radial tunnel syndrome) Radiohumeral joint RH bursae ``` Referred or secondary hyperalgesia - cervical spine (C6 facet joints) - Thoracic spine (autonomic contribution

Question 36

Finish lecture 1

Answer 36

begin lecure 2

Question 37

Which muscles flex the wrist

Answer 37

primary - FCR - FCU - PL ``` secondary Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor digitorum superficials flex pollicis superficialis abductor pollicis longus extensor pollicis brevis ```

Question 38

Which muscles extend the wrist

Answer 38

primary ECRL ECRB ECU ``` secondary Ext digitorum extensor indicis ext digiti minimi ext pollicis longus ```

Question 39

Radial deviator muscles

Answer 39

``` ECRL ECRB ext pollicis longus ext pollicis brevis FCR abd pollicis longus Flexor pollicis longus ```

Question 40

Ulnar deviator muscles

Answer 40

``` ECU FCU Flex digitorum profuncdus Flex digitorum superficialis ext digitorum ```

Question 41

Innervation of wrist muscles

Answer 41

dorsal side of wrist - radial nerve | Median and ulnar nerves - palmar side

Question 42

What happens to grip strength in flexion

Answer 42

reduced

Question 43

what is he 1st CMC joint

Answer 43

``` biaxial saddle joint function as a ball and socket due to lax capsule ```