week 11 blood health

Question 1

What is the primary role of blood in the body?

Answer 1

To continually move throughout the body delivering nutrients and oxygen, and removing waste

Question 2

What are key micronutrients necessary for blood health?

Answer 2

• Iron
• Zinc
• Copper
• Vitamin K
• Vitamin B12
• Folate

Question 3

What is the function of iron in blood health?

Answer 3

Working part of hemoglobin in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the body

Question 4

What role does zinc play in blood health?

Answer 4

Involved in production of hemoglobin and other metabolic processes

Question 5

How does copper contribute to blood health?

Answer 5

Facilitates the binding of iron for transport to bone marrow and combines it into hemoglobin

Question 6

What is the function of Vitamin K?

Answer 6

Blood coagulation (clotting) and synthesis of protein needed for bone formation with vitamin D. Vitamin K part of several processes, but particularly the activation of protein prothrombin to its active enzyme from thrombin
Thrombin is the enzyme catalysts that converts the precursor protein fibrinogen to its active protein fibrin which forms the clot.

Question 7

What are the components of blood?

Answer 7

• Plasma (55%)
• Red Blood Cells (RBCs) (45%)
• Platelets (<1%)
• White Blood Cells (WBCs) (<1%)

Question 8

What is a consequence of Vitamin K deficiency?

Answer 8

Blood clotting is compromised; wounds will take longer to heal or not heal at all

Question 9

What is the significance of hepcidin?

Answer 9

Hormone that regulates iron balance, produced by the liver

Question 10

What is ferritin?

Answer 10

Iron-storage protein that captures iron from food and stores it in cells of the intestine

Question 11

What is transferrin?

Answer 11

Iron-transport protein that delivers iron to bone marrow and other tissues

Question 12

How much iron is recommended for men daily?

Answer 12

8mg/day

Question 13

How much iron is recommended for women aged 19-50 years daily?

Answer 13

18mg/day

Question 14

What is heme iron?

Answer 14

Iron found in foods derived from flesh of animals, accounts for 10% of total iron consumed

Question 15

What is nonheme iron?

Answer 15

Iron found in plant-derived and animal-derived foods, accounts for 90% of total iron consumed

Question 16

What enhances the absorption of nonheme iron?

Answer 16

• MFP Factor
• Vitamin C
• Other acids and sugars

Question 17

What inhibits the absorption of zinc?

Answer 17

Phytates found in legumes, whole grains, and rice

Question 18

What is a common symptom of iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 18

Fatigue, weakness, headache, poor resistance to cold temperatures

Question 19

What is pica?

Answer 19

Abnormal appetite for non-nutritious substances, often associated with iron deficiency

Question 20

What are common food sources of zinc?

Answer 20

• Shellfish
• Red meats
• Fish
• Poultry
• Whole grains

Question 21

What is Menkes disease?

Answer 21

Genetic disorder where intestinal cells absorb copper but cannot release it into circulation

Question 22

What is Wilson’s disease?

Answer 22

Genetic disorder causing copper accumulation in the liver and brain, leading to toxicity

Question 23

What is a common side effect of iron supplements?

Answer 23

Constipation

Question 24

What should be monitored when taking high amounts of Vitamin K?

Answer 24

Effectiveness of anticoagulant drugs

Question 25

Fill in the blank: Iron is necessary for making new cells, amino acids, hormones, & _______.

Answer 25

neurotransmitters

Question 26

True or False: Iron deficiency is the most common nutrient deficiency worldwide.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What is the role of zinc in blood clotting?

Answer 27

Involved in the process of blood clotting

Question 28

why are vegetarians iron needs higher?

Answer 28

Vegetarians have higher iron needs because the type of iron in plant-based foods—non-heme iron—is less easily absorbed by the body than the heme iron found in animal products.

Question 29

what inhibits the absorption of iron

Answer 29

Phytates in legumes, whole grains, and rice, * Calcium * Polyphenols found in tea, coffee, and red wine * MFP, Vitamin C, and Phytates appear to have the most impact on enhancing or limiting iron absorption

Question 30

what are the recommedations of zinc?

Answer 30

Recommendation (RDA): Men: 11mg/day Women: 8mg/day

Question 31

what are the pros to iron supplementation

Answer 31

recommended to pregnant women, increased asborption when taken on an empty stomach

Question 32

what are the cons to iron supplementation

Answer 32

constipation is a side effect, poorer absorption than iron from food