Week 11: Remembering Flashcards
(16 cards)
What are the three steps required to make memories?
- Encoding
- Storage
- Retrieval
What is encoding?
The process of intaking information and sorting either into short term or long term memory.
Requires focus through the process of selective attention whereby you focus on one piece of information at a time.
What is storage?
Storage is the act of maintaing information in the brain through the process of consolidation which is the biomedical and physiological process of the hippocampus retaining information.
Sleep is very important in the process of consolidation.
Consolidation can fail due to loss of consciousness (retrograde amnesia)
What is retrieval?
the act of bringing to mind what has already been stored in our memory
What is the information processing system?
an approach to the study of mental structures and processes that use computers as a model for human thinking (input, process, output)
What is the Richard Atkinson - Richard Shiffrin Model?
model consisting of three interacting memory systems:
- sensory memory
- short term memory
- long term memory
What is sensory memory?
a memory system that holds incoming information through the senses.
- high capacity
- low duration (fraction of second for visual, 2 seconds for auditory)
What is short term memory?
- low capacity (5-9 bits of information)
- higher duration (30 seconds)
- encodes information according to sound in acoustic form
- can hold visual images and store info in semantic form (according to meaning)
- displacement: making room for new memories when at capacity
What is rehearsal
act of purposely repeating information to keep in short term memory
What is elaborative rehearsal?
act of associating visuals or pictures with words to enhance encoding
What is working memory?
mental space used to keep in mind tasks that we are thinking about at any given moment.
temporarily holds information from sensory memory or info retrieved from long term memory to perform some conscious cognitive activity.
Prefrontal cortex plays a role in working memory.
What is the Levels of Processing Model?
A single memory system model which retention depends on how deeply information is processed.
“shallow” vs. “deep”
When you can relate new information to the information already in your longterm memory, you can increase the chances of retrieval = elaborative strategies
What is long term memory?
relatively permanent memory system with unlimited capacity.
information is typically stored in semantic form (according to meaning)
What is declarative memory?
Explicit memory consisting of:
1) episodic memory: memories of personal experiences
2) semantic memory: stores general knowledge ex. 10x10=100
What is non-declaritive memory?
implicit memory consisting of skills acquired through repetitive practice, habits and classically conditioned responses.
Typically acquired slowly with little to no conscious effort
Ex. typing
What are the three ways in which we can measure memory?
Recall, Recognition, Relearning
