Week 12

Question 1

What is stimulus of odorants?

Answer 1

airborne molecules or vapours
must be volatile
must be hydrophobic

Question 2

what are the two ways to smell

Answer 2

through nose or mouth

Olfactory epithelium has cilia that gives info to the cortex

Question 3

______ Delivers samples of clear, humidified air containing either a calibrated amount of odorant or no odorant at all

Answer 3

olfactometer

Question 4

Olfactory receptors neurones of a specific type all project to common pairs of :

Answer 4

Glomeruli

Question 5

What is odour intensity?

Answer 5

increased concentration can change odour quality (putrid) while week concentration can be pleasant

Question 5

What is odour intensity?

Answer 5

increased concentration can change odour quality (putrid) while week concentration can be pleasant

Question 6

Prolonged exposure to an odour leads to a :

Answer 6

reduction on sensitivity

Question 7

What is receptor adaption?

Answer 7

short term and rapid recovery odour adaption reduces intensity by 30 %

Question 8

What is cognitive habituation?

Answer 8

long term loss of sensitivity to permanent odours

Question 9

What are odour hedonic?

Answer 9

odour aversions/pleasantness familiarity coded in the amygdala and orbital-frontal cortex
learnt
emotional association for the amygdala

Question 10

What is Total anosmia?

Answer 10

can come from a blow on the head probably shears off the receptors

Question 11

What is the common chemical or trigeminal sense?

Answer 11

signals the presence of irritants in both nose and mouth

Question 12

carbon dioxide does not stimulate olfactory receptors and therefore:

Answer 12

Cant be smelt on its own

Question 13

What is taste?

Answer 13

Gustation and must be soluble in saliva

Question 14

What are the four basic taste?

Answer 14

sweet
sour
salty
bitter

Question 15

What is the papillae ?

Answer 15

The bumps on the tongue

folded mucus membrane

Question 16

How many last taste bunds on the Tonge?

Answer 16

6K

each taste bud has 1-200 papilla

Question 17

Where do the signals in taste buds go?

Answer 17

initial stages are different to olfaction
but the primary taste cortex
then latter stages are similar

Question 18

how does temperature change taste?

Answer 18

increasing temp = - increase sweetness
-decrease bitterness
-decrease saltness
Vice versa

Question 19

What is adaptation process in the taste?

Answer 19

exposure reduces the sensitivity temporally

Question 20

How does input from cognition change taste?

Answer 20

Vision: coloured food
Price: higher equals better
sound: mouth feels

Question 21

What contributes to the sense of flavour?

Answer 21

it increases taste sensation

Question 22

_______ olfaction refers to sniffing in and perceiving odors through the nostrils, while _______ olfaction refers to perceiving odors through the mouth while chewing.

Answer 22

Orthonasal; retronasal

Question 23

If you taste the fruit characteristics of a fine wine, what kind of olfaction are you engaging in?

Answer 23

Retronasal

Question 24

_______ is the total inability to smell, most often resulting from sinus illness or head trauma.

Answer 24

Anosmia

Question 25

Each olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) converges onto two

Answer 25

glomeruli

Question 26

Cutting onions makes you cry because chemicals in the onions

Answer 26

create a burning sensation via the trigeminal nerve.

Question 27

The shape-pattern theory of olfaction is based on the idea that

Answer 27

odorants' shapes fit into the olfactory receptors' shapes.

Question 28

_______ is the sensation evoked by solutions that contact receptors in the tongue, while _______ includes the former and also retronasal olfaction.

Answer 28

Taste; flavor

Question 29

The reason that food tastes bland if you have a cold is that your sinuses are usually stuffed, which restricts airflow through the nose and prevents

Answer 29

retronasal olfaction

Question 30

Which papillae could be completely removed from the tongue (hypothetically!) with no impact on taste?

Answer 30

Filiform