Week 12

Question 1

Children adapt to environment

Answer 1

through assimilation and accommodation

Question 2

genetic epistemology

Answer 2

study of origins of knowledge

Question 3

assimiliation

Answer 3

process by which new experiences are labelled/recognized by applying an existing scheme

Question 4

accommodation

Answer 4

process by which an existing scheme is modified by because a new experience does not fit into the current scheme

Question 5

Sensorimotor stage

Answer 5

0-2 years
Infants’ awareness only expressed through their sensory and motor abilities

Question 6

Preoperational Stage

Answer 6

2-6 years
Use symbols to represent objects but do not yet reason logically

Question 7

Concrete operational stage

Answer 7

7-12 years
Can think logically about real objects and situations

Question 8

Formal Operation Stage 12 years +

Answer 8

Can think and reason abstractly in hypothetical terms

Question 9

Piagetian theory

Answer 9

development is discontinuous
stages are invariant (specific order) apply across domains and are universal

Question 10

Alternative view

Answer 10

Continuous development, quantitative changes

Question 11

object permanence theory

Answer 11

mental representations only from 18-24m onwards

Question 12

2-7 years theory

Answer 12

Piaget emphasizes limits - thinking tends to be illogical and perception bound
fails conservation tasks, class-inclusion tasks

Question 13

centration

Answer 13

things that are taller have ‘more’

Question 14

reversibility

Answer 14

replay what just happened and realize its the same water

Question 15

7-11 yrs

Answer 15

solve/pass logic puzzles from before but can only apply concepts to concrete situations

Question 16

12+ years

Answer 16

able to engage in hypothetical deductive reasoning

Question 17

maybe?

Answer 17

children do know what’s going on but they don’t have the language to communicate this

Question 18

preferential looking technique

Answer 18

show two patterns simultaneously side-by-side; if infants consistently look at one over another longer it means that the infant visully prefers that pattern

Question 19

preference suggests

Answer 19

not being a sensorimotor being

Question 20

deferred imitation task

Answer 20

infant imitates the face
therefore, infants have already linked sight and proprioceptive feedback

Question 21

intermodal understanding

Answer 21

association of different sensations of an object from different senses

Question 22

A not B task

Answer 22

hands go to where it was last
eyes go to new location

Question 23

Violation of expecation paradigm

Answer 23

Infants fixate on impossible/magical events longer than non events
Means infants understand the physical rule/concept being tested

Question 24

Emergence vs Expression

Answer 24

Piaget vs Baillargeon
If children give the wrong answer, knowledge has yet to emerge VS
Expression is challenging, perhaps knowledge has emerged but struggles to express

Question 25

Class inclusion task change

Answer 25

Needs to be linguistically child friendly

Question 26

Conservation

Answer 26

Naughty teddy bear paradigm Children do struggle with conservation

Question 27

Speech - gesture mismatch

Answer 27

show understanding through gesture before understanding in speech

Question 28

theory of mind

Answer 28

all possess a theory (we created) about other people. theory that other people have a mind. things with minds will behave differently to things without a mind

Question 29

infants theory of mind

Answer 29

must have it, but will answer incorrectly when they have speech till 4 years old