Week 8

Question 1

characteristics of language

Answer 1

phonemes; morphemes; semantics; syntax

Question 2

phonemes (sounds)

Answer 2

acoustic speech sounds that express meaning
around 200 human made sounds
single unit of sound that changes meaning

Question 3

allophonic

Answer 3

acoustically different but not functionally different

Question 4

differ in sets of phonemes

Answer 4

also, may have similar speech sounds but used in different way

Question 5

morphemes

Answer 5

smallest language units that carry meaning

Question 6

unbound/free morphemes

Answer 6

words

Question 7

bound morphemes

Answer 7

affixes, suffixes

Question 8

content morphemes

Answer 8

map onto concepts
unit of semantic memory

Question 9

grammatical function morphemes

Answer 9

syntactic processing relies on processing function words (unbound morphemes)

Question 10

semantic processing relies

Answer 10

on processing content words

Question 11

syntactic processing

Answer 11

relies on processing function words

Question 12

aphasia

Answer 12

inability to produce and understand language

Question 13

broca’s aphasia

Answer 13

inability to process syntax

Question 14

language relevant brain areas

Answer 14

right handed people: left hemisphere, mostly lower edge of frontal lobe & upper edge of temporal lobe

Question 15

broca’s area

Answer 15

located near areas that control speech muscles

Question 16

syntax refers to

Answer 16

structure of language -> phrases and sentences

Question 17

wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 17

left temporal lobe , next to primary auditory cortex, translates sounds into meaning

Question 18

syntax cued by

Answer 18

morphology
semantics

Question 19

HAS

Answer 19

high amplitude sucking
controls how long they hear the sound

Question 20

habituation

Answer 20

infants get bored quickly
they’ve gotten used to it

Question 21

categorical

Answer 21

perception of consonant sounds becomes categorical -> different categories of sound

Question 22

ba and pa

Answer 22

25msec difference in VOT

Question 23

VOT

Answer 23

time interval between release of consonant and onset of voicing

Question 24

cooing

Answer 24

2 months

Question 25

reduplicated babbling

Answer 25

6-7months same syllable over and over

Question 26

variegated babbling

Answer 26

11-12months syllables with different consonants and vowels

Question 27

infants make limited set of sounds because

Answer 27

shape of infant vocal tract development of motor cortex

Question 28

underextension

Answer 28

eg dog only for family dog but not other dogs

Question 29

overextension

Answer 29

eg dog refers to dogs and cats

Question 30

why are overextensions made

Answer 30

difficult sounds to say one word easier to retrieve

Question 31

holophrase

Answer 31

single word stands for an entire statement

Question 32

theories of how children acquire language

Answer 32

nativist, general learning capacities, social learning

Question 33

nativist view

Answer 33

children are biologically predisposed to learn language

Question 34

language bioprogram hypothesis

Answer 34

children are innately predisposed to acquire the syntax of language

Question 35

language acquistion device

Answer 35

core language knowledge

Question 36

poverty of the stimulus

Answer 36

linguistic input is not rich enough to explain why children show competence with language

Question 37

sensitive period

Answer 37

ideal time for acquiring certain parts of language

Question 38

two different pathways of development

Answer 38

acquiring words vs acquiring syntax different rates of progress seen in them

Question 39

general learning capacities

Answer 39

children use domain general skills children have highly developed pattern recognition systems

Question 40

word boundaries

Answer 40

where words start and stop

Question 41

artificial grammar

Answer 41

set of sounds creates 'words'

Question 42

social learning

Answer 42

spend enough time around others response to innate explanations to language learning

Question 43

parentese

Answer 43

simplified speech exaggerated intonation

Question 44

social contexts of early word learning

Answer 44

parents let child's behaviours guide their talk words refer to things: children learn gaze and objects are connected

Question 45

independent cultures

Answer 45

internal attributes most salient self-concept separate from group personal goals will take priority over group goals

Question 46

interdependent cultures

Answer 46

social role most salient self concept is part of the group group goals take priority relationships crucial

Question 47

child-centred talk

Answer 47

caregivers adapt talk to childs level: independent cultures

Question 48

situation-centred talk

Answer 48

child learns to adapt to situation: interdependent cultures