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KNPE331 > Week 12 > Flashcards

Week 12 Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Relevant anatomy- growth plates

A
  • area of new bone growth in kids & teens
  • usually located at end of long bones
  • made up of cartilaginous tissue
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2
Q

When do growth plates close?

A
  • btwn the ages of 14-15 yrs old for females
  • btwn the ages of 16-17 yrs old for males
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3
Q

Pediatric medical conditions/considerations

A
  • juvenile diabetes (type I)
  • juvenile arthritis
  • asthma
  • epilepsy
  • allergies
  • water safety/CPR for drowning
  • choking
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4
Q

Working in youth sport important considerations

A
  • pediatric sized emergency supplies
  • pediatric tools
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5
Q

Pediatric sized emergency supplies

A
  • oropharyngeal airway
  • neck collar
  • splints
  • EpiPen
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6
Q

Pediatric tool example

A
  • child SCAT6 (ages 8-12)
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7
Q

Injury prevention in youth sports

A
  • proper warm up
  • properly fitted protective equipment
  • diversifying their activities
  • playing time limits
  • max games per day for tournaments
  • min hrs btwn games
  • rotating positions
  • proper nutrition & hydration
  • avoid overtraining
  • baseline concussion testing
  • psychological wellness
  • pre-season screenings
  • pitch count limits- mandated rest days
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8
Q

What should be included in pre-season screenings?

A
  • identify current pain/injuries
  • review medical conditions
  • assess functional movement patterns
  • concussion baseline testing
  • discuss important topics
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9
Q

Which important topics should be discussed in pre-season screening?

A
  • concussions
  • nutrition
  • hydration
  • overtraining
  • communicating injury early (emphasis on RTP sooner if caught early)
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9
Q

How to promote psychological wellness of youth athletes?

A
  • support following injury
  • healthy competition
  • healthy eating habits
  • inclusivity
  • motivational talks
  • encouraging cheers
  • promoting teamwork
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10
Q

Growth plate injuries/fractures

A
  • excessive repeat stress on the growth plate of the bone causing widening of the growth plate
  • growth plate becomes inflamed
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11
Q

What happens if growth plate injuries are not addressed?

A

Can affect growth
- deformities
- bone stops growing prematurely

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12
Q

Management of growth plate injuries/fractures

A
  • altered activity
  • may require 2-3 months of rest from aggravating sport skill
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13
Q

What is proximal humeral epiphysitis (Little league shoulder)?

A
  • irritation of the growth plate in the proximal humerus
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14
Q

MOI of proximal humeral epiphysitis

A
  • overuse in overhand motions causing excessive strain on growth plate
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15
Q

Signs and symptoms of proximal humeral epiphysitis

A
  • progressive increase in pain in proximal humerus or shoulder
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16
Q

What may proximal humeral epiphysitis lead to?

A
  • stress fractures through growth plate
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17
Q

Who is proximal humeral epiphysitis most common in?

A
  • pitchers & baseball players
  • also seen in tennis and vball
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18
Q

Prevention of proximal humeral epiphysitis

A
  • limiting pitch counts
  • proper throwing mechanics
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19
Q

Patellar tendonitis (Jumper’s knee) MOI

A
  • excessive traction on patellar tendon
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20
Q

What is patellar tendonitis often associated with?

A
  • growth spurts
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21
Q

Signs and symptoms of patellar tendonitis

A
  • pain
  • swelling & heat over patellar tendon
  • pain with jumping, running, quick COD or strong quad contraction
  • pain with flexion and extension
  • can often train through the pain
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22
Q

Special tests for patellar tendonitis

A
  • thomas test
  • resisted quads
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23
Q

Acute management of patellar tendonitis

A
  • PIER
  • roll/soft tissue mobility for quads
  • lower extremity mechanics
  • train hamstrings to prevent anterior translation of tib on fem
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24
What is Osgoode Schlatter's disease?
- irritation of growth plate at the tibial tuberosity
25
Osgoode Schlatter's disease MOI
- overuse - excessive traction of quads via patellar tendon
26
Signs and symptoms of Osgoode Schlatter's disease
- pain over tibial tuberosity - visible bump over tibial tuberosity - pain with contraction & stretch of quads - jumping especially painful
27
Special tests for Osgoode Schlatter's disease
- thomas test - resisted quads
28
Acute management of Osgoode Schlatter's disease
- PIER - roll/soft tissue mobility for quads - lower extremity mechanics - train hamstrings
29
Prevention of Osgoode Schlatter's disease
- diversify activity
30
What is Sever's disease?
- irritation of calcaneal tuberosity growth plate (attachment for achilles tendon)
31
Sever's disease MOI
- overuse - excessive traction of achilles
32
Signs and symptoms of Sever's disease
- pain over achilles insertion into calcaneus - pain with forceful achilles contraction (jumping, sprinting, starts/stops)
33
Special test for Sever's disease
- single leg calf raise
34
Acute care for Sever's disease
- stretch gastrocs & soleus - NSAIDs - heel lift
35
Little league elbow MOI
- chronic valgus overload to medial elbow from throwing
36
What else can little league elbow lead to?
- medial epicondylitis - medial epicondylar apophysitis (growth plate injury) - avulsion fracture - MCL sprain
37
Signs and symptoms of little league elbow
- pain & inflammation over medial elbow - pain & weakness with throwing - medial instability
38
Special tests for little league elbow
- wrist flexor muscle testing - valgus stress - x-rays
39
Acute care for little league elbow
- PIER
40
Prevention of little league elbow
- limited pitch counts - proper throwing mechanics
41
Other growth plate irritation sites
- distal radius (gymnastics from repeat load) - anterior inferior iliac spine (tumbling sports such as gymnastics or cheer)
42
Treatment for growth plate fractures
- rest, cast, splint - surgical repair
43
Principles of splinting
- include the joint above & below the injury - pad the splint for comfort & added support - check distal pulse before & after splinting
44
Stages of heat illness
1. Heat cramps 2. Heat exhaustion 3. Heat stroke
45
What are heat cramps?
- muscle cramping during/after activity in the heat
46
What are heat cramps thought to be caused by?
- fluid & salt loss from sweating
47
Who are heat cramps common in?
- runners
48
Signs and symptoms of heat cramps
- pain - spasm
49
Acute care for heat cramps
- rest in cool area - water/sports drink - gentle stretching & massage
50
Prevention of heat cramps
- sufficient hydration & electrolytes - avoid/minimize activity in high temps
51
How does heat exhaustion result?
- activity in hot temps - body's ability to regulate temp becomes stressed
52
Signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion
- normal or slightly elevated body temp - cool, moist, pale skin - headache - nausea - vomiting - dizziness - weakness - exhaustion - level of consciousness starts to decline in later stages
53
Acute care for heat exhaustion
- rest in cool place - cold cloths in armpits, groin, back of neck, drink cool water
54
What might heat exhaustion progress to if left untreated?
- heat stroke - body unable to cool itself
55
Signs and symptoms of heat stroke
- dry, red, hot skin - progressive loss of consciousness - rapid & weak pulse - rapid and shallow breathing - high body temp
56
Acute care for heat stroke
- cool the body - give fluids - minimize shock - call EMS
57
Cold- related emergencies
- frostbite - hypothermia
58
What is frostbite?
- when body tissues freeze following prolonged exposure to cold - water within & surrounding cells freeze & swell which damages the cells
59
What can frostbite result in?
- loss of digits or limbs
60
Superficial frostbite
- skin only
61
Deep frostbite
- skin & underlying tissues freeze
62
Signs and symptoms of frostbite
- decreased sensation - skin is cold and waxy - discolouration - tingling - swelling - pain with rewarming - blisters within 24hrs
63
Repeatability of frostbite
- once an area gets frostbite, subsequent exposure can result in frostbite more easily in area
64
Acute care for frostbite
- gentle rewarming by soaking in warm water - apply dry sterile dressing - gauze btwn fingers/toes - warm drink - blanket **do not rub area
65
What sports is frostbite common in?
- snowboarding - skiing - hockey - skating - fall sports that go late in to season (football, field hockey, rugby, soccer)
66
When to refer to doctor for frostbite
- signs of infection - red streaks - blisters - drainage - no return of sensation or normal skin tone
67
Prevention of frostbite
- dressing in layers - removing wet clothing/gear - avoid extended time during extreme cold weather
68
What is hypothermia?
- a dangerous drop in body temp below 95 degrees celcius following extended exposure to cold
69
Signs and symptoms of hypothermia
- shivering - slow irregular pulse - slow breathing rate - numbness - confusion - drowsiness - pale cold skin - loss of coordination
70
What can hypothermia lead to?
- shock - coma - cardiac arrest
71
Acute care for hypothermia
- ABCs - gradual rewarming with dry clothes - blankets - warm environment - heating pads - warm drinks if alert

KNPE331 (12 decks)

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